【语法】有谁帮忙整理一下英语语法把现在进行时过去完成时,这个时那个时的好好整理一下最好有例句、我把这些全弄混了,尤其是过去进行时,过去完成时现在完成时…等等,
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【语法】有谁帮忙整理一下英语语法把现在进行时过去完成时,这个时那个时的好好整理一下最好有例句、我把这些全弄混了,尤其是过去进行时,过去完成时现在完成时…等等,
【语法】有谁帮忙整理一下英语语法把现在进行时过去完成时,这个时那个时的好好整理一下最好有例句、
我把这些全弄混了,尤其是过去进行时,过去完成时现在完成时…等等,
【语法】有谁帮忙整理一下英语语法把现在进行时过去完成时,这个时那个时的好好整理一下最好有例句、我把这些全弄混了,尤其是过去进行时,过去完成时现在完成时…等等,
我来回答一下你的问题,我是英语培训老师.首先,你应该知道时态的概念和用法.知道如何区分,我简单把过去完成时,现在进行时和过去进行时三种时态传上来.我不知道你是高中生还是初中生.目前高中和初中我完成教案和关于时态的教案我都总结了一些,如果需要可以回帖.
过去完成时
1) 概念:表示动作发生在过去,并在过去完成(即是常说的过去的过去).
用一示意图表示如下:
动作发生
------|----------------|----------|---->
过去的过去 过去 现在
其基本构成是:had+动词过去式.
2) 用法
a.在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句.
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b.状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时.
When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.
c.表示意向的动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before,by,until ,when,after,once,as soon as.
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve,Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A.had written,left B,were writing,has left C.had written,had left D.were writing,had left
答案D."把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时.句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生.因此
前一句应用过去进行时.
注意:had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法:
a.表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情.
We are waiting for you.
b.习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行.
Mr.Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态.)
She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.
c.表示渐变的动词有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等.
The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
d.与always,constantly,forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩.
You are always changing your mind.
典型例题
My dictionary ___,I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A.has lost,don't find B.is missing,don't find C.has lost,haven't found D.is missing,haven't found.
答案D.前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时.
不用进行时的动词
1) 事实状态的动词
have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue
I have two brothers.
This house belongs to my sister.
2) 心理状态的动词
Know,realize,think see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate
I need your help.
He loves her very much.
3 ) 瞬间动词
accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.
I accept your advice.
4) 系动词
seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn
You seem a little tired.
过去进行时
1) 概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作.
2) 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生.
3) 常用的时间状语
this morning,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.
典型例题
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes
答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时.同 时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时.
2) As she ___ the newspaper,Granny ___ asleep.
read; was falling B.was reading; fell C.was reading; was falling D.read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when,while,意为"当……之时".描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生.句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了."句中的 fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick
过去进行时~~就是过去某个时间正在做什么 for example :There were doing homework when i saw them.
过去完成时 ~~ 过去某个时间已经完成了 There had finished their homework when i saw them.
现在完成时 ~~ 陈述某个事情的时候说明一下,现在已经完成了,Mom,i have ...
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过去进行时~~就是过去某个时间正在做什么 for example :There were doing homework when i saw them.
过去完成时 ~~ 过去某个时间已经完成了 There had finished their homework when i saw them.
现在完成时 ~~ 陈述某个事情的时候说明一下,现在已经完成了,Mom,i have finished my homework,can i go out?
谢谢,给我分吧
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故去进行时~~就是过去某个时间正在做什么 for example :There were doing homework when i saw them.
过去完成时 ~~ 过去某个时间已经完成了 There had finished their homework when i saw them.
现在完成时 ~~ 陈述某个事情的时候说明一下,现在已经完成了,Mom,i have ...
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故去进行时~~就是过去某个时间正在做什么 for example :There were doing homework when i saw them.
过去完成时 ~~ 过去某个时间已经完成了 There had finished their homework when i saw them.
现在完成时 ~~ 陈述某个事情的时候说明一下,现在已经完成了,Mom,i have finished my homework,can i go out?
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一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:last year, yesterday.
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词。
怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时
现在让我们...
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一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:last year, yesterday.
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词。
怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时
现在让我们来比较一下现在完成时和现在完成进行时。在比较这两个时态时,关键在于对现在完成进行时的基本概念是否理解,因为对于现在完成时我们已经有了一个基本的理解了。
现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点,所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点,所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。
现在就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一简单的比较: (1)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果,但前者所表示的结果是直接的,而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如:
We have heen cleaning the classroom.(a)
We have cleaned the classroom.(b)
(a)句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是:我们身上都是灰。(b)句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”其结果是:现在教室很清洁,可以用了。又,(a)句表示教室刚刚打扫过,(b)句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。
Be careful! John has been painting the door.(a)
John has painted the door.(b)
(a)句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过,现在油漆还未干,所以你要小心。(b)句则无此含义,油漆可能已干了。
(2)现在完成进行时有时有延续性,现在完成时往往没有。如:
They have been widening the road.(a)
They have widened the road.(b)
(a)句的意思是他们在加宽马路,但尚未完工。(b)句的意思则是已完工了。有时现在完成时有延续性(如一些属于持续体的动词),但无临时性质。如:
Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978.(a)
Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979.(b)
(a)句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义,(b)句则没有。
(3)但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质,如:
My mother has been teaching English for twenty years.(a)
My mother has taught English for twenty years.(b)
(a)句在此并无临时性质,但较口语化。(b)句则较为正式。又,(a)句表示动作现在仍在继续.并将延续下去,(b)句的动作是否延续下去,须由上下文决定,但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。
(4)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如:
Have you been meeting her lately?(a)
Have you met her lately?(b)
(a)句有“经常相会”之意,(b)句则没有。(b)句如与often,every day等时间状语连用,当然也表示动作在重复。
(5)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感情色彩可言。如:
What have you been doing?(a)
What have you done?(b)
(a)句表示惊异。(b)句只是一个问题。
Have you been waiting long?(a)
Have you waited long?(b)
(a)句较(b)句生动。又,(a)句比较口语化。
I have been wanting to meet you for long.(a)
I have long wanted to meet you.(b)
(a)句比(b)句更亲切,更有礼貌。
Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.(a)
Recently Mary has done her work regularly.(b)
(a)句显然是在表扬玛丽。(b)只说明一个事实。
下面还有一例,颇为有趣:
Who's been eating my apples?(a)
Who's eaten my apples?(b)
(a)句有强烈的感情色彩,表示愤怒不满,(b)句只是希望回答的一个问题。又,(a)句兼有进行时态,所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思,(b)句是完成时态,说明“苹果一个不剩了”。
(6)在否定结构中,现在完成时所否定的是谓语动词,现在完成进行时所否定的是状语。如:
He hasn't been speaking since three o'clock.(a)
He hasn't spoken since three o'clock.(b)
(a)句中所否定的不是has been speaking,而是 since three o'clock,其结构等于 He has been speaking not since three o'clock but since half past three.这是因为现在完成进行时本身是没有否定结构的原故。(b)句用的是现在完成时,而现在完成时是有否定结构的,所以(b)句中所否定的自然是has spoken,意即“从三点起他一直沉默不语,未发一言”。
参考资料:
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