求问在英语当中,什么是谓语,宾语,主语,形式宾语,形式主语等之类的一些东西,要求举例.要求举例的单词在初中的范围内.

求问在英语当中,什么是谓语,宾语,主语,形式宾语,形式主语等之类的一些东西,要求举例.要求举例的单词在初中的范围内.
求问在英语当中,什么是谓语,宾语,主语,形式宾语,形式主语等之类的一些东西,要求举例.
要求举例的单词在初中的范围内.

求问在英语当中,什么是谓语,宾语,主语,形式宾语,形式主语等之类的一些东西,要求举例.要求举例的单词在初中的范围内.
谓语[predicate verb] 谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成,依据其在句中谓语动词介绍繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类.不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语. 谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现.例如： I （like） walking.我喜欢走路.(一般现在时主动语态) I (made) your birthday cake last night..昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕. (一般过去时主动语态) It is used by travelers and business （people all over the world）.全世界旅行者和商人都使用它 (一般现在时被动语态). 1.宾语是在及物动词或介词后,接受某一动作、方式、状态或性质等具有名词性质的字、短语或从句.动作的承担者.例：He teaches English.He is a teacher.English就是动词teach的承担者. He speaks Japanese. 他讲日语. 专有名词Japanese作宾语. I am good at swimming. 我擅长游泳. 动名词swimming作介词at的宾语. I don't know the phone number. 我不知道电话号码. 名词短语the phone number作宾语. She doesn't know me. 她不认识我. 代词me作宾语. I want to know the answer. 我想知道答案. 不定式短语to know the answer作宾语. Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗? 名词从句what I mean作宾语. 2.在完整的句子中,如果谓语动词是完全及物动词,后面必须接宾语. He can't speak Chinese. 他不会讲中文. speak当完全及物动词,后接宾语Chinese. 3.在完整的句子中,如果谓语动词是不完全及物动词,后面除接宾语外,还要接宾语补语. His mother named him Tommy. 他的母亲给他起名叫汤米. named是不完全及物动词,后接宾语him句意表达不完整,还要接宾语补语Tommy. 4.在完整的句子中,如果谓语动词是不完全及物动词,而后面接的宾语是短语或从句,后再接宾语补语时,必须将作宾语的短语或从句放在宾语补语之后,把it放在它的原来位置,这时it是形式宾语,短语或从句是真正宾语. I think it is wrong to tell lies. 我认为撒谎是错误的. it是形式宾语,不定式短语to tell lies是真正宾语,wrong是宾语补语. Did you make it clear why she didn't come? 你弄清楚她没有来的原因了吗? it是形式宾语,名词从句why she didn't come是真正宾语,clear是宾语补语. 5.在完整的句子中,如果谓语动词是与格动词,后面要接两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,其中直接宾语是所给与或告知的事物,间接宾语是接受事物的人.直接宾语与间接宾语时常可以互换位置. I bought him a birthday present. 我给他买了一件生日礼物. bought是与格动词,后接间接宾语him,再接直接宾语a birthday present. I wrote my friend a letter. I wrote a letter to my friend. 我给我的朋友写了一封信. The student asked me a question. (No change) 学生问了我一个问题.（无法变化） 6.在完整的句子中,如果谓语动词是不及物动词,后面不可接宾语,因为句意已表达完整. The sun rises in the morning. 太阳在早上升起. rises是完全不及物动词,后面不可接宾语,in the morning是副词短语,作修饰语. We are students. 我们是学生. are是连系动词,后面不可接宾语,students是主语补语.1. 名词做主语： My school is not far from my house. 2. 代词做主语: We like our school very much. 3. 基数词做主语: Two add two is four. 4. 名词性或名词化的词、词组或短语: This is an article. 5. 动名词做主语: Seeing is believing. 6. 动词不定式做主语: To do such a job needs more knowledge. 7. 从句做主语: What I mean is to work harder. 主语的补语：它用在系动词后,是句子的一个基本成分.常用主－系－表结构. 1.I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她.（her做宾 语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语） 2.. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶? -- Me. --我. （me做主语补语= It's me.） 3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. （she做主语补语） 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她.形式主语和形式宾语通常用在不定式中,用it代替. 形式主语it 谓语或宾语 adj to do sth 如It is useful to study English.在这个句中真正的主语是后面的to do形式,it 叫形式主语. 形式宾语的句子 主语 谓语或宾语 it adj to do sth 如I think it is intresesting to dance .真正的宾语是to do形式,it叫形式宾语. 形式主语和宾语的使用都是为了简化语句,让别人一目了然.之所以用it 代替是 避免头重脚轻. 形式主语it 作为形式主语的it并无实际语义,只是为满足语法上的需要,避免句子头重脚轻,它代替 的是句子的逻辑主语,概括起来会有如下情况：
1. 句子的逻辑主语为不定式
如：It is very kind of you to give me a hand in time. It is my pleasure to address the meeting. It was pretty hard for him to bring up the child on his own.
2. 句子的逻辑主语为从句
如：It so happened that the tickets were sold out. It is extremely obvious that she has been lying about her identity. It suddenly occurred to me that the message must have been hidden between the layers of the briefcase.
3. 句子的逻辑主语为动名词短语
这类句子远不如前面两种出现率高,主要在（no good, waste, useless, no use, dangerous）等词语的后面用 如：It is no use reasoning with him. It is no good reading in dim light. 作形式主语的代词只能用it ,不能用that,this等词.例如: 1) It is easier to lose friends than to make friends. 交朋友难而失去朋友比较容易. 2) It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages. 掌握至少两门外语对于当代年轻人来说是很重要的. 以上两句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语. 3) It is considered no good reciting without understanding. 不理解的背诵被认为是没有好处的. 4) It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收. 以上两句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是V-ing形式. 5) It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.英语作为一门国际语言正日益为人们所接受,这是不争的事实.(NMET,95) 6) It depends on the weather whether we will go. 我们去不去得看天气行事.(其中的whether 不能换成if,因为if不能引导主语从句.) 以上两句中真正的主语是名词性从句.
[编辑本段]it 作形式主语主要用于下列三种情况
I. 不定式作真正主语
主要用于下列句型： 1. It + is/was + adj./n. (形容词或名词) +to do sth. A. 名词作表语.主要有a pity, a pleasure, an idea等. 例如： In fact________is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. ( 2001上海高考题) A. this B. that C. there D. it (答案为D) 再如： It is a great pleasure to do this. 这样做多好啊. It is a good idea to think this way. 这样考虑问题是个好办法. 除be外,其他动词也有跟名词的情况.例如： It seems a pity to waste the food. 浪费这些食物真可惜. It requires efforts to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语需要种种努力. B. 形容词或形容词短语作表语. 分两种情况： 1) 下列形容词： kind, good, nice, clever, wrong, right ,foolish, wise, unwise, stupid, rude, careless, cruel, brave, naughty, polite, selfish等词作表语时,不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况.形容词表示不定式逻辑主语的特征,即形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等.例如： It was foolish of you to leave school.你中途退学,真是傻瓜. It was brave of her to speak out in public. 她能当众大声讲话,真勇敢. 这种of sb. to do sth. 句型,of 的宾语可以作句子的主语.上面两个句子可以改写为： You were foolish to leave school. She was brave to speak out in public. 2) 其他形容词作表语,常见的形容词有：necessary, hard, important, difficult, easy, possible,common等.例如： It is necessary to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes. 必须用短波收音机才能收到节目. 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加for ＋ 名词或代词 ＋ to do sth.(for 后的宾语不能作句子的主语).名词或代词作不定式的逻辑主语,即表示不定式所指动作的执行者.在此句型中,形容词只对不定式行为者作某种描述,而不涉及其品行.例如： It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. 对于一个人来说做点好事并不难. It,s common for leaves to fall from the trees in the fall. 秋天树叶从树上落下是件常事. 需要注意的是：动词不定式作主语,一般情况下用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式(从句)放在后面.也可以直接用不定式作主语.例如： It is wrong to tell lies. ＝ To tell lies is wrong. 撒谎是不对的. 但在疑问句和感叹句中,只能用it作形式主语. 例如： Isn't it a good idea to have a walk around? 出去兜一圈难道不是一个好主意吗? What a pleasure it is to work with you! 同你一起工作是多么愉快啊! 2. It + v. + to do sth. 动词不定式作主语时除动词be以外,动词take, cost, need, require, make, sound, occur 等也可用it作形式主语,而把动词不定式放在后面.例如： It took us three years to complete the project. 我们花费三年时间才完成了这项工程. It sounds reasonable to do it this way.听起来这样做有道理. It needed hard work to finish the job. 要完成这项工作需要努力地工作. It didn,t occur to me to ask him to help me. 我根本没想到要找他帮忙.
II. 动名词作真正主语
用于这种形式的是一些特定的形容词和名词.例如： It was nice meeting you. 见到你真高兴! (分别时用) 它与不定式作真正主语的区别在于,动名词说到的动作已经发生. 例如: It is nice to meet you. (刚刚见面时用) it 作形式主语,动名词作真正主语主要用于下列句型： It's ＋n.(名词或名词短语)/adj.(形容词)＋ doing sth. 1)下列形容词后常用动名词作真正主语：nice, good, useless, hard, foolish, enjoyable, worthwhile等.例如： It is nice talking to you. 跟你交谈真是愉快. It's foolish behaving like that. 这样的表现是很愚蠢的. It is useless doing that. 那样做没用. 2)下列名词或名词短语作表语时常用动名词作真正主语：use, good, fun, a waste of, job, task等.例如： It's a waste of time doing this. 这样做是浪费时间的. It's no good (use) doing that. 那样做没好处(没用). It's an awful job doing this. 做这事真是一件可怕的差事. It's fun doing this. 做这事真有趣. It is not an easy task doing this work. 做这工作真非易事.
III. 名词从句作真正主语
用it 作形式主语的结构主要用于下列句型： It +谓语+名词从句(主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句) 1. It is ＋名词＋从句: 这样的名词有a fact, a surprise, an honor(非常荣幸),a pity, common knowledge(常识)等.例如： It is common knowledge that the full moon brings fair weather. 皓月兆天晴,这是常识. It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question. 你对这个问题作了这样的回答,令人吃惊. 2. It is ＋形容词＋从句 : 这样的形容词有natural, true, strange, necessary, important, obvious(很明显), certain, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, probable等.例如： It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city. 我们城市的多数人将享受免费医疗,这是一定的. It is probable that he has known everything. 很可能他什么都已经知道了. 3. It ＋动词＋从句: 这样的动词有seem,happen, appear, look, matter, make, strike, occur(突然想起)等. It appeared that he had a taste for music. 看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力. It made us very happy that she was saved.她能化险为夷令我们大家很高兴. 4. It ＋ be + 分词＋从句: 这样的分词有 said(据说), reported(据报道),believed(人们相信),known(众所周知),decided(已决定),proved(已证实), thought, expected, annouced, arranged, amusing, puzzling, striking等.例如： It is said that Li Hao has been to Europe.据说李郝去过欧洲. It was amusing that a rabbit ran out of the empty box on the desk.桌上的空盒子里竟然跑出来一只兔子,太有趣了. 需要说明的是,大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以用 it充当形式主语.例如： It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明. It says in the newspaper that the enemy has been defeated. 报纸上报导敌人被打败了.

谓语简单说就是动词，比如：i like you .like就是谓语，即动作喜欢。
宾语就是谓语后面跟着的，但是一定要注意，只有及物动词才能加谓语，不及物动词不能加的哦~ 如上句，you就是宾语。
主语，就是上句的i ,怎么说呢，主语可以使人，可以是物，可以是单词，也可以使句子，一般在句子开头，主语其实要自己去理解，不好具体解释，因为每个句子不一样，不过，主语是句子的不可缺少的部分，...

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谓语简单说就是动词，比如：i like you .like就是谓语，即动作喜欢。
宾语就是谓语后面跟着的，但是一定要注意，只有及物动词才能加谓语，不及物动词不能加的哦~ 如上句，you就是宾语。
主语，就是上句的i ,怎么说呢，主语可以使人，可以是物，可以是单词，也可以使句子，一般在句子开头，主语其实要自己去理解，不好具体解释，因为每个句子不一样，不过，主语是句子的不可缺少的部分，你在做题时，自己领悟一下，主语表示##做了什么，那个##一般就是主语了。
形式宾语，一般考 i think it ...it 做形式宾语，主要是避免宾语过长影响句子整体效果
i think it is ...这里it便不是形式宾语了，而是宾语从句it is ..的主语。 经常考这两个句子的区别，注意一下~！主要看有没有is.
it is believed that +.......... it做 形式主语
以上是我的个人经验和总结，希望对你有用~！ 加油啦~O(∩_∩)O~
有什么不明白的，可以和我联系~!

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I LOVE YOU其中：I为主语，love 谓语，you宾语，主语一般为你我他等人称，谓语一般是动词，宾语名词，形式宾语如同testing等，非人称的名词叫形式宾语，同理，形式主语一样，如this，that等

我吃饭 主谓宾
当主语 或 宾语 过长时 我们通常采用形式宾语
一般用it
如I think it that +..................形式宾语
it is believed that +.......... 形式主语