人教版七年级下1--11单元英语语言知识点

人教版七年级下1--11单元英语语言知识点
人教版七年级下1--11单元英语语言知识点

人教版七年级下1--11单元英语语言知识点
知识要点回顾
1 . Could you … ? （你 / 你们……好吗?）句型多用来表示请求,这里的 could 比 can 语气更加委婉、客气和有礼貌,肯定回答多为：OK / All right ! / Certainly ! / Of course . 否定回答常是：Sorry , I / we can’t . （不用couldn’t ）.
2 . one 不仅可用作基数词表“一”之意,也能用作代词替代前面所提可数名词中的“一个”或代指“任何人”.例：
1 ) One and two is three . 一加二等于三.
2 ) I don’t have pens . Please give one to me . 我没有钢笔,请给我一支.
3 ) One must love one’s country . 任何人都必须爱国.
3 . You’re welcome . 用来回答对方的感谢时,相当于That’s OK . / that’s all right . / Not at all .
4 . too 这个副词作“太”讲时通常修饰形容词或副词（放在其前）；作“也”讲时多位于句尾（其前用逗号隔开）.
5 . 当名词前有定冠词、指示代词和物主代词修饰时,all 习惯上放在这些限定词之前.例：all my books（我所有的书）.
6 . the other 通常表示两者（部分）中“另外那个（些）”,而不带定冠词的 other 多用来泛指“另一些”.试比较：
1 ) The twins are English . One is Lucy , the other is Lily . 这对双胞胎是英国人,一个叫露西,另一个叫莉莉.
2 ) I have many friends . Some are teachers , others are police men . 我有很多朋友,一些是教师,另一些是警察.
7 . socks , shoes , trousers , glasses（眼镜）等表示两部分构成的整体东西的名词习惯上用复数形式,如果指“一双（副）”,应用a pair of 短语修饰.例：
a pair of socks（一双短袜）,a pair of glasses（一副眼镜）等.
A pair of shoes is under the bed .
8 . 当询问“某人（物）怎么啦?”时,句型常用 What’s wrong with … ? 这里的疑问词 what 不可受汉语的影响误用 how .
9 . worry 作及物动词用时其后习惯上只接人作宾语,意为“使……担心”；worry 用作不及物动词其后能接人或物作宾语,但必须用介词 about ,意为“担心……”.10 . tea , milk , bread , water , meat , rice 等物质名词均为不可数名词,此类名词无复数形式,其前不可用不定冠词、基数词、指示代词等直接修饰,若表示它们的数量,其前必须加“计量名词 + of ”短语.例：a bottle of orange（一瓶桔汁）,two cups of tea（两杯茶）.
但是常可以用：two cups of tea = two teas 两杯茶
11 . It’s time … 句型后接名词或代词时要用 for（介词）,后接动词必须用 to（不定式符号）,这里的主语 it 不可换用另的代词,且 time 前习惯上不用冠词.例：
1 ) It’s time for class . 该上课了.
2 ) It’s time to play games . 是做游戏的时候了.
注意：It is time for sb to do 该某人干……
12 . something to eat (drink ) 意为“吃（喝）的东西”,to eat ( drink ) 为不定式作后置定语修饰不定代词 something .例：
We have something to eat now . 现在我们有东西吃.
交际能力与测试指要（1）根据所设情景选择最佳答案.如：
1 . — ______ ? — It’s eight thirty .
A . How old is your sister B . What class are you in
C . What’s the time , please D . What number is your car
2 . 当你有事想问别人,应先说声：______ .
A . Excuse me B . I’m sorry C . Hello D . OK
（2）根据对话情景,补全对话.如：
Kate : Hi , Jim . ( 1 ) ?
Jim : Fine , thank you . And you ?
Kate : I’m fine , too . ( 2 ) ?
Jim : Very well , thanks
Kate : ( 3 ) ?
Jim : Class Four .
Kate : ( 4 ) ?
Jim : Room Five .
Kate : Oh , I see .
A . Which is here classroom B . How is your sister
C . How are you today D . What class is she in
解答“情景交际”题首先要清楚所设的情景是哪一类交际项目；其次要清楚在哪种情景下该说什么话,该如何表达自己的思想；还要清楚上下文情景的关系.
具体题还要具体对待.上面题型（1）中的第2小题,直接选A就行了.而第1小题就必须先辨别A、B、C、D四个选项各是什么意思,然后看答句的表达形式,才能依据交际常识判断是C.第（2）小题的一组对话设计了四个问句,这样的题则要根据上下文的内容和交际习惯,与对话一一对应.
选完后一定要默默读上两遍,细心体会一下语感,认真检查一下有无疏漏,最后确定.如果试题有图片,要善于利用图片上的信息,帮助答题,要善于从情景中悟出“天机” 交际英语讲练
※ 问候 ( Greetings ) ?
1 . “How are you ? ”“______”?
A . How do you do ? B . How are you ? ? C . I‘m fine , thank you . D . What do you do ?
※ 介绍 ( Introductions ) ?
2 . — Li Ping , ______ . ?
— Nice to meet you , Zhang Hong . ?
A . that’s my friend , Zhang Hong B . this is Zhang Hong?
C . she is Zhang Hong D . I introduce Zhang Hong to you
3 . “Nice to meet you . ”“_______”?A . Is that so ? B . I‘ve got a cough . ?
C . Yes , do please . D . Nice to meet you , goo .
※ 打电话 ( Making telephone calls ) ?
4 . “Hello , 5847552 . ”“Hi ! _____”A . Are you Linda ? B . Who are you ? ?C . I am David . D . Is that Linda speaking ?
5 . — This is John speaking . Who is that ? ?
— _____?
A . This is Bill . B . I am Bill . ?
C . You are Bill . D . Where is bill ?
6 . — Could I speak to headmaster ? ?
— ______ please . ?
A . Hold on for a moment B . Speak loudly?
C . He is at work D . What’s wrong ?
7 . A : Hello ! Could I speak to Miss Grey , please ? ?
B : ______?
A . I‘m Miss Grey . B . Yes , you could . ?
C . SPeaking . D . Who are you ?
答案与简析：?
1 . C.“How are you ? ”是熟人之间常用的客套招呼语,答语常用 “Fine , thank you . ”或“Very well , thank you . ”表示问候的用语还有“Good morning / afternoon / evening . Hello / Hi . ”等,答语须重复原话.?
2 . B.介绍某人,常用句型“This is . . . ”.自我介绍则用“My name is . . . ”或“I’m . . . ”.? 3 . D.“Nice to meet you . ”一般在两人初次见面被互相介绍后使用,其答语为“Nice to meet you , too . ”.“How do you do ? ”和“Glad to meet you . ”也属于介绍用语.?
4 . D.打电话时,欲问对方是谁,应说“Who is that ( speaking ) ? ”.?
5 . A.打电话时,欲说“我是……”,应说“This is . . . ”.?
6 . A.接电话时,若想请对方别挂断或稍等,应说“Hold on ( for a moment ) , please . ”.?
7 . C.接电话时,若你正是对方要找的人,可说“请讲” ( Speaking . ) ；若对方要找的人不在,可说“He / She isn‘t here right now . Can I take a message for you ? ”.?
Ⅲ. 语法透视
◆ 不可数名词用法举要 ◆
不可以用数目来计算的名词称为不可数名词.学习不可数名词时,应注意以下几点：
▲不可数名词没有复数形式.如：some meat , some bread , 不可说 some meats , some breads .
▲不可数名词不能不定冠词 a , an 及数词修饰,但可用 some , any , much （许多）,a lot of （许多）,a little（一点）等直接修饰.如：我们不可以说a tea , two milk , 但可以说 some tea , much meat .
▲不可数名词前通常用量词来表示具体的数.如：a glass of water , two cups of tea , five pieces of bread .需要注意的是：类似短语中的介词 of 不能省去,当数词大于“一”时,量词需要用复数形式.
▲不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如：
These is some water in the bottle . 瓶里有些水.
Is there any rice in the bag ? 袋子里有米吗?
▲若不可数名词前有复数数量词修饰时,谓语动词用复数形式.例如：
There are three bottles of orange on the table . 桌上有三瓶桔汁.
试比较：There is some orange on the table .
▲对不可数名词前的修饰语提问,疑问词用 how much .例如：
They want two cups of tea .
→How much tea do they want ?
There is some milk in the glass .
→How much milk is there is the glass ?
▲对不可数名词前量词部分的修饰语提问题,疑问词用 how many .例如：
They want two cups of tea . →How many cups of tea do they want ?
▲不可数名词表示特指时可用定冠词 the 修饰.例如：
The bread on the table is Li Lei’s . 桌上的面包是李磊的.
▲有些名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但意思却大不相同.如：glass 作可数名词,意思是“玻璃杯”,作为不可数名词,意思是“玻璃”；room 作可数名词,意思是“房间”,作不可数名词,意思是“空间”.
I have many friends bread meat milk fish （面包）（肉）（牛奶）（鱼）
Ⅳ. 难词解码
◆ some 与 any之区别 ◆
some 和 any 都有“一些”的意思,都可作形容词、代词,可修饰或代替可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词,但两者用法不同.
一、some 一般用于肯定句中.例如：
I can see some flowers . 我能直到一些花.
There is some milk in the glass . 杯子里有一些牛奶.
二、any 一般用于否定句和疑问句中.例如：
— Can you see any bread on the table ? 你看到桌子上有面包吗?
—Yes , I can see some . 是的, 我看到一些.
—Can you see any girls in the picture ? 你能看到图画上的女孩吗?
—No , I can’t see any . 不, 我一个也看不到.
三、some 可用于表示请求、邀请、希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中.例如：
— Can you give me some bread ? 你能给我一些面包吗?
— Certainly . Here you are . 当然可以,给你.
Would you like some bread ? 你想要些面包吗?
some 用于肯定句,疑问句、否定用 any ,请求、邀请与期待,仍用 some 代 any .
◆ do you like 与 would you like ◆
Do you like … ? 意为“你喜欢……吗?”“你爱……吗?”等,是提问者问对方习惯上喜爱什么,并不指目前一时爱好.其后常跟或 doing 结构作宾语.例：
Do you like meat ? 你喜欢吃肉吗?
Do you like playing basketball ? 你喜欢打篮球吗?
其肯定回答为 Yes , I do . ; 否定回答为 No . I don’t . .
Would you like … ? 意为 “你想要……吗?”“你愿意……吗?”,指说话人委婉地向对方提出请求或建议,是指目前的情况,其后常跟名词或 to do 结构作宾语.例：
Would you like some apples ? 你卢吃一些苹果吗?
Would you like to have a cup of tea ?你想喝杯茶吗?
其肯定回答是 Yes , please . 或 Yes , I’d like / love to . ; 否定回答是 No , thanks . / thank you . 或 Yes , I’d like to , but … 等.例：
A : Would you like a bottle of orange ?
B : Yes , please . / No , thanks .
would like 还可缩写为 ’d like .例：
I’d like to have a cup of tea .
初中英语词组总结
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump
2 （比较级 and 比较级） 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心,自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原） 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?
37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water
38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原） 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处
Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师）
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang
84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人 86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进88 come over to 过来
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗?
9 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查 95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错 97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……
99 each +名（单）每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来 103 expect to do sth 期待做某事 104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing（名词）
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完,被（别人）做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了）
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物 121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事 125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学） 127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方）……去过某过地方 have gone to …（地方） 去了某地还没回来
133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做
135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 帮助某人某事（某方面） help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法
145 if : 是否＝wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果,假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 （north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 ）
151 in the sun 在太阳下
152 increase 增加
eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3%
the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now
153 instead of +（名 ） 代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果,而不要梨子
I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍
155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook
157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样
158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说） 做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English
161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意
162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me
163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间
eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了
164 join = take part in 参加
165 just now 刚才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样?
167 keep out 不让 …… 进入
168 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康
169 key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案
170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙
171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke