关于达芬奇如何画蒙娜丽莎的故事jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj

关于达芬奇如何画蒙娜丽莎的故事jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj
关于达芬奇如何画蒙娜丽莎的故事
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关于达芬奇如何画蒙娜丽莎的故事jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj
《蒙娜丽莎》
Mona Lisa - Leonardo da Vinci 世界上没有任何一件艺术品能像《蒙娜丽莎》那样誉满全球,同时引来各式各样的说法和评价.我们根据瓦萨里的记载,可以确定,画中人为佛罗伦萨银行家弗朗斯柯·捷列·佐贡多的妻子丽莎.她出生于1479年,达·芬奇为她画像时间是1503年,正是丽莎24岁的时候.画中人的主要神情是“微笑”,世人称之为“神秘的微笑”.
银行家佐贡多以丰厚的酬金请达·芬奇为夫人作画.当夫人出现在画家面前时,她身着华贵的连衣裙,梳着时髦的发式,一绺绺卷发散在双肩,身体显得丰满,眉毛齐整,两颊绯红,颈项和手臂佩带着名贵珠宝,全身充溢着唯美但奢靡的贵族气息.在弯弯的双眉下面,明亮的眼睛闪闪发光.当她用目光注视着这位鼎鼎大名的画家时,一颗能容无限智慧的苏格拉底式的脑袋映入眼帘,面孔下面布满银白色的胡须,看上去像是暂留人间的神,这与她终日见到的粗俗商人大不相同.一瞬间发自内心的微笑,使她的脸显出夺人的光彩,令人神往,腼腆、调皮,似乎失去的青春又回来了.模特灵魂深处的奥秘,被观察敏锐的画家一下子抓住了.“我同意马上着手工作.”达·芬奇向蒙娜丽莎点了点头.
为了维持丽莎的微笑,画家动用了智慧的脑袋,为她讲了精彩的愉快的故事,还请了各式各样的小丑、琴师、街头艺人为夫人表演,借以唤醒这位消沉、淡漠、昏昏欲睡的少妇.丽莎坐定以后把一只手放在另一只手上,作出一个少妇的姿态,画家注意到夫人裸露的颈项和丰腴双手,可惜被金银珠宝所占有,画家对丽莎说：“如果夫人不反对的话,我想描绘不加任何装饰的颈项和手臂,这是属于您最纯真的美,请夫人去掉一切象征财富的饰物,让我尽情描绘属于你本人的一切丽质.”于是丽莎急忙褪掉所有饰物.我们现在看到的正是一位毫无修饰、情趣天然的少妇.
蒙娜丽莎勾起了达·芬奇对后母阿格琵耶娜的回忆.有一次,画家深情地向少妇倾诉了自己的身世,似乎从丽莎的身影中看到后母的形象.当讲到母亲在24岁就死去时,他的声里充满怜悯和悲痛.丽莎说：“我也是24岁,我使你想起了她”,丽莎成了阿格琵耶娜的神秘化身.因此,达·芬奇在画丽莎时,是用真诚而纯洁的情感去描绘的,他用对母亲和情人的双重情感来尽情描绘此人的肖像.不仅如此,他还把她作为一种理想,一种美的象征,作为人类世界的欢乐和光明来描绘.他要把自己的美感和体验,用画笔传达给所有的人.文艺复兴的到来使神从神坛上走下来,成为有血有肉、有情有欲的人.达·芬奇的《蒙娜丽莎》成为这一新时代的标志而载入史册.
关于《蒙娜丽莎》的一些轶事
1503-1507年达·芬奇开始绘制《蒙娜丽莎》.这幅画一直跟随在他的身边,直到他死后数年,画像由法兰西国王弗朗索瓦一世买下.此后,它一直归法国王室所有,直到1805年拿破仑将之珍藏在卢浮宫.这幅画就像一位有生命的天外来者,它的超凡魅力和奇闻轶事令人惊叹甚至难以置信.
法国国王路易十三得到《蒙娜丽莎》后,把它挂于家训堂,命令女儿整天模仿画中的笑容.经过数年努力,公主们终于将那神秘的微笑模仿得惟妙惟肖.
拿破仑拥有《蒙娜丽莎》时,喜欢把它挂在卧室内,每日早晚要独自欣赏多次,有时竟能面对画面伫立一天半日,入迷得忘记一切.
1951年《蒙娜丽莎》到西班牙展出,西班牙元首佛朗哥亲临机场捧画,20万马德里市民化装成唐·吉诃德载歌载舞,夹道欢迎.
1954年去英国,丘吉尔首相派6架飞机300名礼仪小姐专程将《蒙娜丽莎》从巴黎接往伦敦.法国方面破例允许丘吉尔首相用手指抚摸3次,但规定手指必须反复洗刷和严格消毒.
1963年6月《蒙娜丽莎》在美国华盛顿展出,保安人员有4万余众,每个参观者要经过6道哨卡,接受各种仪器的检查.1974年5月《蒙娜丽莎》在日本东京展出,每个参观者只准在画前站9秒钟.
每年前去卢浮宫瞻仰这幅画的人达700百万左右,据联合国教科文组织的不完全统计,截止1991年底,全世界已先后有二百多部研究《蒙娜丽莎》的专著问世,其它各种出版物则汗牛充栋,数不尽数.
全世界已发现《蒙娜丽莎》的赝品二百多幅,英国前首相撒切尔夫人就收藏了4幅,她说：“我实在太喜欢《蒙娜丽莎》了,但它是一件孤品,所以只得以赝品自娱.”
1987年英国与以色列考古学家在以色列与黎巴交界的各波利市一幢具有古罗马风格的别墅内,发掘到一幅马赛克拼图,图案竟与《蒙娜丽莎》一模一样.这幅画诞生于公元四世纪,比达·芬奇生活的年代早1100年左右.