英语翻译Cytoplasts of oocytes at metaphase II andmitotic zygotes support development of SCNTembryos (9).In contrast,cytoplasts of interphasezygotes,after the removal of pronuclei,have been incapable to support such development(10).When the pronuc

英语翻译Cytoplasts of oocytes at metaphase II andmitotic zygotes support development of SCNTembryos (9).In contrast,cytoplasts of interphasezygotes,after the removal of pronuclei,have been incapable to support such development(10).When the pronuc
英语翻译
Cytoplasts of oocytes at metaphase II and
mitotic zygotes support development of SCNT
embryos (9).In contrast,cytoplasts of interphase
zygotes,after the removal of pronuclei,
have been incapable to support such development
(10).When the pronuclear membrane
and chromatin of interphase zygotes are selectively
removed but other pronuclear components,
including the nucleolus,are left in the
cytoplasm,these cytoplasts support development
of SCNT embryos (11).These results suggested
that an undefined activity or material(s) in pronuclei
of zygotes facilitates the reprogramming
of transferred somatic cell nuclei (9,11).To determine
whether the maternal nucleolus alone
facilitates the somatic cell reprogramming in
zygotic cytoplasts,we cotransferred the cumulus
cell nuclei and the isolated oocyte nucleoli into
cytoplasts from interphase enucleated mouse
zygotes (Zygote-SCNT).When the somatic cell
nuclei were transferred into the cytoplast of
M-phase enucleated zygotes,the resulting embryos
assembled visible nucleoli (fig.S9,Mphase
Zygote-SCNT) and developed to the
blastocyst stage (table S4).In contrast,the embryos
from Zygote-SCNT cleaved at 36 hours
after human chorionic gonadotropin injection,
but they arrested at the two-cell stage or fragmented,
and they never developed to blastocysts.
These two-cell embryos derived from
zygote-SCNT never assembled nucleoli in their
blastomere nuclei (fig.S9,Zygote-SCNT).Coinjection
of oocyte nucleoli along with somatic
cell nuclei resulted in two-cell–stage
embryos with prominent nucleoli in their nuclei
(fig.S9,Zygote-SCNT+Nucleolus).This
nucleolar coinjection,however,did not rescue
embryonic development,and embryos were
typically arrested between the two- and fourcell
stages (table S4).This indicates that,in
addition to the nucleolar material,some otheryet defined,but our results document that one
of them is the nucleolus.
After fertilization,embryos drive their
development for one or several cell cycles
using the stockpile of molecules originating
from oocytes.Therefore,it is speculated that
early protein synthesis uses maternally stored
ribosomes and RNAs.Functional nucleoli are
assembled later on,when the embryonic genome
becomes activated (5,6,16,17).The
nucleolar materials originating from oocytes
may represent the precursor molecules required
for the assembly of fully functional
nucleoli at a later stage,as the embryo develops
(16).Our results suggest that the oocyte
nucleolus provides the materials to build
nucleoli not only in pronuclei of zygotes but
also in pseudo-pronuclei formed after SCNT.
Thus,the oocyte nucleolar material is essential
for successful early embryonic development
in mammals.

英语翻译Cytoplasts of oocytes at metaphase II andmitotic zygotes support development of SCNTembryos (9).In contrast,cytoplasts of interphasezygotes,after the removal of pronuclei,have been incapable to support such development(10).When the pronuc
又不给分 还想人工翻译,别人都是要钱的,你钱不给就算了 悬赏分也为零,哪来那么好的事?
我是在做百度知道的任务,就帮你翻译翻译吧,（个人能力有限,仅供参考
在卵母细胞胞质分裂中期II和受精卵的体细胞核移植胚胎支持发展（9）.与此相反,胞质间期受精卵,搬迁后的原核,已经不能支持这样的发展（10）.当原核受精卵膜和染色质间期有选择性删除,但其他原核元件,包括细胞核,细胞质中,这些体细胞核移植胚胎的胞质支持发展（11）左边.这些结果表明,一个未定义的活动或受精卵原核材料（s）促进体细胞的细胞核转移（9,11）重新编程.要确定是否有利于产妇核仁单独合子体细胞胞质中重新编程,我们cotransferred的卵丘细胞核与去核到小鼠受精卵从界面（合子,体细胞核移植）胞质卵母细胞的核仁分离.当体细胞细胞核进入M期胞质去核受精卵转移,由此产生的胚胎组装可见核仁（图S9的,Mphase合子,体细胞核移植）,并发展到囊胚阶段（见表四）.与此相反,从受精卵,体细胞核移植胚胎的卵裂后36小时内注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素,但他们逮捕了两细胞阶段或零碎的,他们从来没有发展到囊胚.这两种细胞从受精卵,体细胞核移植胚胎衍生从未聚集在他们的卵裂球核（图S9的,合子,体细胞核移植）核仁.沿卵母细胞与体细胞细胞核核仁共注射导致两细胞阶段的细胞核与核仁明显（图S9的,合子,体细胞核移植+核仁）胚胎.这核仁共注射,但是,并没有挽救胚胎发育和胚胎一般都是双方和fourcell阶段（表四）拘捕.这表明,除了核仁材料,一些otheryet定义,但我们的结果文件,其中之一是核仁.受精后,胚胎推动其发展为一个或几个细胞周期使用,从原始卵母细胞分子储备.因此,据推测,早期使用蛋白质合成核糖体和母体储存的RNA.核仁功能组装以后,当胚胎基因被激活（5,6,16,17）.从卵母细胞的核仁材料可能是原始的前身为功能完备的核仁在稍后阶段组装的分子,为胚胎发育（16）.我们的研究结果表明,卵母细胞的核仁提供的材料打造核仁不仅在受精卵原核,而且在假体细胞核移植后形成的原核.因此,卵母细胞的核仁材料是成功的早期哺乳动物的胚胎发育至关重要.