定语,分词短语将下列句子中的定语从句变成作定语用的分词短语首先,什么叫定语从句变分词短语啊?其次,什么样的是定语从句,什么是分词短语?最后,无论是陈述句,还是疑问句的变法都一样

定语,分词短语将下列句子中的定语从句变成作定语用的分词短语首先,什么叫定语从句变分词短语啊?其次,什么样的是定语从句,什么是分词短语?最后,无论是陈述句,还是疑问句的变法都一样
定语,分词短语
将下列句子中的定语从句变成作定语用的分词短语
首先,什么叫定语从句变分词短语啊?
其次,什么样的是定语从句,什么是分词短语?
最后,无论是陈述句,还是疑问句的变法都一样吗?
1）What do you think of the play which was performed by the British actors?
2)The bridge,which was designed by Chinese engineers,was constructed in twelve months.

定语,分词短语将下列句子中的定语从句变成作定语用的分词短语首先,什么叫定语从句变分词短语啊?其次,什么样的是定语从句,什么是分词短语?最后,无论是陈述句,还是疑问句的变法都一样
定语从句
一、考点聚焦
1、功能：相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语
2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后
Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词.数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词.
（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系.必须注意两点：
①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定.
This is the place which is worth visiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意.
There are many places we can visit（them）in China.
4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as.
关系副词：when, where, why.that偶尔也作关系副词.
5、确定关系词的步骤
（1）先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么.
（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分.
6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
（1）先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③数词几种词修饰或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时.
（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时.
（3）先行词中既有人又有物时.
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.
（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时.
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时.
Which are the books that you bought for me ?
7、宜用which而不用that的情况
（1）在非限制性定语从句中
（2）在关系词前有介词时
（3）当先行词本身是that时
（4）当关系词离先行词较远时
8、关系词who与that指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
（1）当主句是there be句型时,关系词用who.
（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时,关系词用who.
（3）当主句是who作疑问词时,关系词用that.
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
（4）whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who取代.
9、whose作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语.如：
Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?
There is a room, whose window faces the river.
There is a room, the window of which faces the river.
10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语.
（1）先行词被such和the same修饰,或句型as many（much）中,从句都用as 引导.
Such books as you bought are useful.
The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.
注意：区别①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句.They are such
lovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引导定语从句.I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导.
区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”.②位置上：as 从句可置句首,也可在另处.
He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.
As is known, the earth is round, not flat.
11、关系副词when与where、why、that
when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which
where指地点 = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which
当先行词为way、day、reason、time时,可用that作关系副词.（非正式场合）
I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.
当time作先行词时,关系词可以省掉.
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
12、必须注意的问题
（1）关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数.
（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句.
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句.
②强调it无意义,that / who不是引导词.
③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是.
It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）
（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别.
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词,that充当主语、宾语、表语.有时可省略.
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词,that不能充当任何成分,不可省.
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)
（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况.
①关系词作宾语,前无介词时.
②关系词作表语.
（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译.
（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是which和whom.
（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：
①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks
in the match.（句中one为先行词）
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词）
②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?
Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?
③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.
分词复习应注意的几个问题
（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语.
①时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等）
Hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy.
Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.
②原因状语
Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note
③伴随状语
The girls came in, following their parents.
④结果状语
The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.
注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性.
① 时间性.与谓语动词同时发生,用一般时,如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done.
② 语态性.与句子的主语之间的关系,是主谓关系或动宾关系.遵循的规则“主动进行,被动完成”.
③人称一致性.分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语.
（2）分词作表语.
S. + be + 动词-ed表示被动,主语是人；S. + be + 动词-ing表示主动,主语是物.分词作宾补不定式作宾补的区别：
感官动词 动词原形→做了某事
S．+ + 宾语 + 现在分词→正在做某事
使役动词 过去分词→做了或被做
5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题
过去分词作状语,相当于一个状语从句,有来说明原因、时间、条件等.
（1）过去分词作原因状语
Tired by the trip, he soon feel asleep.
= Because he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.
Lost in thought , he almost ran into a car.
=As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car.
（2）作时间状语
Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden.
=When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.
（3）作条件状语
Given more time, I would have worked out the problem.
=If I have been given more time, I would have worked out the problem.
（4）伴随状语
The teacher came in, followed by some students.
=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.
分词短语作状语时,通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构.如：
Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.
1）What do you think of the play which was performed by the British actors?
What do you think of the play performed by the British actors?
2)The bridge,which was designed by Chinese engineers,was constructed in twelve months.
The bridge designed by Chinese engineers was constructed in twelve months.