shall与should的区别?

shall与should的区别?
shall与should的区别?

shall与should的区别?
基本上SHALL用在将来时,而SHOULD是一个情态动词,表示“应该怎样”
如
I will（shall）go to swim tomorrow.（明天游泳,很自然的一件事,没有任何强制,约束.）
I should go to swim tomorrow.（应该明天去游泳,也许与人有约,不去就是不给别人面子.）
再进一步讲：
shall用于第一人称,表征求对方意见或向对方请示：
What shall we do this moring?
用于第一,第三人称的疑问句:
Shall we dance (很有用哟)
When shall she leave oou class?
用于第二,第三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令,警告,允诺或威胁
You shall die if you disclose all the state secerts to the foreigners.

shall
将来时，用于第一人称： I shall be back in a minute.
用来表示征求意见： Shall I go with you?
用在第二、三人称，表示命令，警告，允诺等。He shall answer for it!
should应该
You should be responsible for yourself.

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shall
将来时，用于第一人称： I shall be back in a minute.
用来表示征求意见： Shall I go with you?
用在第二、三人称，表示命令，警告，允诺等。He shall answer for it!
should应该
You should be responsible for yourself.
表猜测It should be true. 大概有70-80%的把握。
should have done本应做某事，语气中有责备。
You should have come here earlier.你本来应该早点到的。

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. 表将来时时,should是shall的过去式
2. should可用来表示推测.
3. shall可用于第一/第三人称疑问句中,表示请求许可.
4. shall可用于第二/第三人称陈述句中,表示警告/许诺/命令/威胁/规定等语气.
5. should have done sth/should not have done sth表责备语气
6. shoul...

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. 表将来时时,should是shall的过去式
2. should可用来表示推测.
3. shall可用于第一/第三人称疑问句中,表示请求许可.
4. shall可用于第二/第三人称陈述句中,表示警告/许诺/命令/威胁/规定等语气.
5. should have done sth/should not have done sth表责备语气
6. should可以表示劝告,建议语气,"应该/应当"
7. should可以用在虚拟语气中,有时可以省略;有时不可以省略,表示"万一"
8. should可以表示"居然/竟然",有不相信/惊愕的含义

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基本上SHALL用在将来时，而SHOULD是一个情态动词，表示“应该怎样”
如
I will（shall）go to swim tomorrow。（明天游泳，很自然的一件事，没有任何强制，约束。）
I should go to swim tomorrow。（应该明天去游泳，也许与人有约，不去就是不给别人面子。）
再进一步讲：
shall用于第一人称...

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基本上SHALL用在将来时，而SHOULD是一个情态动词，表示“应该怎样”
如
I will（shall）go to swim tomorrow。（明天游泳，很自然的一件事，没有任何强制，约束。）
I should go to swim tomorrow。（应该明天去游泳，也许与人有约，不去就是不给别人面子。）
再进一步讲：
shall用于第一人称，表征求对方意见或向对方请示：
What shall we do this moring?
用于第一,第三人称的疑问句:
Shall we dance ?(很有用哟)
When shall she leave oou class?
用于第二,第三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令,警告,允诺或威胁
You shall die if you disclose all the state secerts to the foreigners.

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should是shall的过去式

shall只能用于第一人称主语，I，we
而should可以用作一切人称得主语

shall
shall
AHD:[sh²l]
D.J.[.#l]
K.K.[.#l]
v.aux.（助动词）
过去式 should[sh‹d]
Used before a verb in the infinitive to show:
用在动词之前以表示不定词
Something that will t...

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shall
shall
AHD:[sh²l]
D.J.[.#l]
K.K.[.#l]
v.aux.（助动词）
过去式 should[sh‹d]
Used before a verb in the infinitive to show:
用在动词之前以表示不定词
Something that will take place or exist in the future:
将要：将来就要发生或存在的某些事物：
We shall arrive tomorrow.
我们明天到
Something, such as an order, a promise, a requirement, or an obligation:
应该：某些事物，例如命令、承诺、要求或义务：
You shall leave now. He shall answer for his misdeeds. The penalty shall not exceed two years in prison.
你现在该离开了。他应当为他的错误行为负责。惩罚不应超过两年监禁
The will to do something or have something take place:
会：做某事或使某事发生的愿望：
I shall go out if I feel like it.
如果我想去，我会出去的
Something that is inevitable:
一定：不可避免的某事：
That day shall come.
那一天总会来的
Archaic
【古语】
To be able to.
能够
To have to; must.
不得不；必须
Middle English shal
中古英语 shal
from Old English sceal * see skel- 2
源自 古英语 sceal *参见 skel- 2
The traditional rules for using shall and will prescribe a highly complicated pattern of use in which the meanings of the forms change according to the person of the subject. In the first person, shall is used to indicate simple futurity:
使用shall 及 will 的传统规则规定了一个十分复杂的使用形式， 其形式的含义根据主语人称而改变。在第一人称中，shall 用于表示简单的未来事件：
I shall (not will ) have to buy another ticket.
我将（不用 will ) 不得不再买一张票。
In the second and third persons, the same sense of futurity is expressed by will :
在第二人称及第三人称中，同样的未来事件意义由will 表达：
The comet will (not shall ) return in 87 years.
那彗星将（不用 shall ) 在87年后返回。
You will (not shall ) probably encounter some heavy seas when you round the point.
当你绕行这个地点时，你将（不用 shall ) 很可能遇到一些汹涌海域。
The use of will in the first person and of shall in the second and third may express determination, promise, obligation, or permission, depending on the context. Thus I will leave tomorrow indicates that the speaker is determined to leave;
单词will 在第一人称及 shall 在用于第二、三人称时， 根据上下文可能表达的决定、承诺、义务或允许这样。这样我明天要走 这句话表明说话者决定离开；
You and she shall leave tomorrow is likely to be interpreted as a command.
你和她明天将离开则特别象是一个命令。
The sentence You shall have your money expresses a promise (“I will see that you get your money”), whereas You will have your money makes a simple prediction. · Such, at least, are the traditional rules. But the distinction has never taken firm root outside of what H.W. Fowler described as “the English of the English” (as opposed to that of the Scots and Irish),and even there it has always been subject to variation. Despite the efforts of generations of American schoolteachers,the distinction is largely alien to the modern American idiom. In America will is used to express most of the senses reserved for shall in English usage, and shall itself is restricted to first person interrogative proposals, as in Shall we go? and to certain fixed expressions, such as We shall overcome. Shall is also used in formal style to express an explicit obligation, as in Applicants shall provide a proof of residence, though this sense is also expressed by must or should. In speech the distinction that the English signal by the choice of shall or will may be rendered by stressing the auxiliary, as in I will leave tomorrow (“I intend to leave”); by choosing another auxiliary, such as must or have to; or by using an adverb such as certainly. · Many earlier American writers observed the traditional distinction between shall and will, and some continue to do so. The practice cannot be called incorrect, though it may strike American ears as somewhat mannered. But the distinction is difficult for those who do not come by it natively, and Americans who essay a shall in an unfamiliar context run considerable risk of getting it wrong, and so of being caught out in that most embarrassing of linguistic gaffes, the bungled Anglicism.See Usage Note at should
句子你将得到你的钱 表达了一种承诺（“我将保证你得到你的钱”）， 而你会得到你的钱 仅仅做出了简单预测。 这些至少是传统规则。但是这种用法上的区别仅局限于H·W·福勒所描述的“英格兰人的英语”（与苏格兰人和爱尔兰人的英语相对），即使在英格兰英语中它一直在变化。尽管经过几代美国学校教师的努力，这种区别对现代美国习惯用语仍是相当生疏的。在美国，will 被用来表达在英国用法中大多为 shall 保留的含义， 而shall 则限于第一人称疑问句式的提议， 如在我们该走了吧? 及某些固定表达中， 例如我们会克服的。 Shall 也用在正式文体中表示明确职责，如申请者应提供居留证明 ， 虽然这个意义也可用must 或 should 表达。 在口语中可以通过强调助动词shall 或 will ，如 我 将 于明天离开 （“我打算明天离开”）；或通过选择另一个助动词 must 或 have to ；或通过使用如 certainly 这样的副词来表达英国人用这两个词时的区别。 许多早期的美国作家注意到了shall 和 will 之间的传统区别， 而且一些人仍在继续这样做。这种用法不能被称作不正确，虽然美国人听起来有点矫揉造作的意味。但是这种区别对于那些不能通过母语了解它的人是困难的，而且在一个不熟悉的上下文中，试图用shall 的美国人很有可能犯错误， 因而在许多令人难堪的语言即被搞得一团糟的英式英语中出丑参见 should
shall
[FAl, F(E)l]
v.
should
（用于第一人称表示一般 将来时）将
We shall arrive tomorrow.
我们将于明日到达。
疑问；请示
Shall I open the window?
你要我打开窗子吗？
Shall we all go to the film tonight?
我们今晚都去看电影吗？
（表示命令、允诺、强烈的意愿）
You shall not catch me so easily next time.
你下次不会那么容易就能抓到我了。
shall和will都可作助动词和情态动词，作助动词用时帮助构成一般将来时。
shall用于主语是第一人称的句子，will用于主语是第二、三人称的句子
I shall come to see you the night after next.
后天晚上我来看望你。
He will arrive here tomorrow morning.
他将于明天早上到达这里。
If we spend all that money, we shall be poor again.
假如我们将那笔钱全部花光，我们又将变穷了。
will作为情态动词，用于各人称，表示决心、愿望。
I will go there.
我一定到那儿去。
If you will help us, we shall be very grateful.
如果你愿意帮助我们，我们会很感激你。
shall 用于第二、三人称为情态动词，表示允诺、警告等
Don't worry, you shall get the answer this afternoon.
别着急，今天下午你就可得到答复了。(允诺)
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.
有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。(警告)
Shall I(we)…?这个句型在征求别人的意见时用，表示“这样做好吗？”
Shall I wait for you?
要不要我等你？
Shall we take umbrellas with us?
我们带雨伞去好吗？
Will you…?这个句型用于向对方提出请求或询问
Will you see Mr West today, Mrs Brown?
布朗夫人，你今天(愿意)去见韦斯特先生吗？
Will you have more coffee?
你(愿意)再喝点咖啡吗？
should
should
AHD:[sh‹d]
D.J.[.ud]
K.K.[.&d]
v.aux.（助动词）
shall的过去式
Used to express obligation or duty:
应该：用来表示义务或职责：
You should send her a note.
你应该给她留一个条
Used to express probability or expectation:
用于表示可能性或期望：
They should arrive at noon.
她应该在中午到达
Used to express conditionality or contingency:
用于表示可能性或可能发生的事件：
If she should fall, then so would I.
如果她失败了，那我也会失败
Used to moderate the directness or bluntness of a statement:
用于使一个直接或直率的陈述变得婉转：
I should think he would like to go.
我倒是认为他愿意去
Like the rules governing the use of shall and will on which they are based, the traditional rules governing the use of should and would are largely ignored in modern American practice. Either should or would can now be used in the first person to express conditional futurity:
就象作为shall 和 will 词的基础的限用的用法规则一样， 适用于should 和 would 这个词的传统使用规则在现代美国英语中也已被忽略了。 现在should 或 would 这两个词中的任何一个都可以用于第一人称，表示条件式中的将来：
If I had known that, I would (or somewhat more formally, should ) have answered differently.
如果已经知道了这个情况的话，我就（或正规一点用 should ） 不会那么回答了 ，
But in the second and third persons only would is used:
但在第二人称或第三人称中只用would ：
If he had known that, he would (not should ) have answered differently.
如果他知道那个情况的话，就（不能用 should ） 不会那么回答了。
Wouldcannot always be substituted for should, however. Should is used in all three persons in a conditional clause:
但是Would并不是总是能由 should 代替。 Should 在三种人称的条件从句中都可以用：
if I (or you or he ) should decide to go.
如果我（或 你 或 他 ） 决定要去。
Should is also used in all three persons to express duty or obligation (the equivalent of ought to ):
Should用于这三种人称的表示职责和义务的句子中（相当于 ought to ）：
I (or you or he ) should go.
我（或者 你 或者 他 ） 应该去 。
On the other hand, would is used to express volition or promise:
另一方面，would 用来表达决心或保证：
I agreed that I would do it.
我一定会做的。
Either would or should is possible as an auxiliary with like, be inclined, be glad, prefer, and related verbs:
而would 或 should 都可以作助词和 like，be inclined， be glad，prefer 及其相关词语一起使用：
I would (or should ) like to call your attention to an oversight.
我想（或 should ） 请你注意一下一个疏漏之处 。
Here would was acceptable on all levels to a large majority of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey and is more common in American usage than should. · Should have is sometimes incorrectly written should of by writers who have mistaken the source of the spoken contraction should've. See Usage Note at if, rather, shall
在此处，在一次早期的调查中对大多数各阶层的使用者来说，would 是可以接受的， 且在美国用法中比should 更为常见。 有时书写者把should have 误拼成 should of ， 因为他们把口头缩略形式should've的来源给弄错了 参见 if， rather， shall
should
[Fed, FJd]
v.aux.
否定式缩略为 shouldn't
（用于间接引语，表示）将
We said we shouldn't arrive till 6.
我们说过我们六点才能到。
"If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be postponed."
"要是明天下雨,比赛就延期举行。"
（和that一起用于表示意愿的动词和形容词之后）
He was keen that she should go to college.
他渴望她能上大学。
（在条件句中与第一人称连用） 可能；会
I should have bought it if I had enough money.
如果当时我有足够的钱，我会把它买下来的。
（表示责任或义务）必须，应该
Children should obey their parents.
儿童应该服从他们的父母。
He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.
他本应知道这样的事情警察是决不允许的。
（表示可能之事）可 能
It should be fine tomorrow.
明天可能天晴。
（表示不确定）万一
If I should see him, I'll tell him.
万一我见到他，我就告诉他。

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