请网友解析语法：分词作状语

请网友解析语法：分词作状语
请网友解析语法：分词作状语

请网友解析语法：分词作状语
首先弄清过去分词作状语的最基本特点,初步认识过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.例如：
Written in a hurry,this article was not so good!
因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.
析：written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写.
值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost （迷路）； seated （坐）； hidden （躲）； stationed （驻扎）； lost / absorbed in （沉溺于）； born （出身于）； dressed in （穿着）； tired of （厌烦）.
Lost / Absorbed in deep thought,he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.
Born in this beautiful town,he hates to leave it.
出生于这个美丽的小镇,他不愿离开它.
然后是明确过去分词作状语时的逻辑主语
过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致.例如：
Given another hour,I can also work out this problem.
再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.
析：given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ,即 I 被再给一个小时.
Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful to us.
从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.
析：seen 为过去分词作状语,表“被看”,由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是“我们”,因为“我们”应主动看城市.
值得注意的是,如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.例如：
The signal given,the bus started.
信号一发出,汽车就开动了.
析：the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是 given 的逻辑主语.
Her head held high,she went by.
她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.
析：her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是 held high 的逻辑主语.
再次要弄清过去分词作状语的由来
过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.例如：
Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了.
析：caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.
Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.
析：grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.
值得注意的是,状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语.
When given a medical examination,you should keep calm.
当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.
最后要明确过去分词作状语的位置.
过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.例如：
He stood there silently,moved to tears.= Moved to tears,he stood there silently.
他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.

一、用作时间状语
1. 典型例句
Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。
2. 理解技巧
分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，如上面两句也可转换成：
W...

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一、用作时间状语
1. 典型例句
Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。
2. 理解技巧
分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，如上面两句也可转换成：
When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.
After the work was finished, he went home.
二、用作原因状语
1. 典型例句
Being very weak, she couldn't move. 她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。
His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的车坏了，所以只好走路。
Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。
2. 理解技巧
分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句，如上面三句也可转换成：www.nmet168.com
As she was very weak, she couldn’t move.
Because his car broken was down, he had to walk.
Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London.
三、用作条件状语
1. 典型例句
Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。
Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答案。
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。
Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多给点时间，我们可以做得更好。
2. 理解技巧
分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句，如上面几句也可转换成：
If you work hard, you will succeed.
If we add them all up, we can find the answer.
If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.
If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.
四、用作让步状语www.nmet168.com
1. 典型例句
Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。
2. 理解技巧
分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter…等引导的让步状语从句，如上面两句也可转换成：
Although he lived miles away, he attended the course.
Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer.
五、用作伴随状语
1. 典型例句
He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。
Don't you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。
2. 理解技巧
理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。
六、用作方式状语
1. 典型例句
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。
I'm returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。
2. 理解技巧
分词(短语)用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近。有时用作方式状语的现在分词可以转换成by doing sth的结构，如上面第一句也可换成：
He earns a living by driving a truck.
七、用作结果状语
1. 典型例句
He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。
He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。
It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，车辆陷入泥沼，桥梁被水冲去。
2. 理解技巧
分词(短语)用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列句，如上面两句也可转换成：
He fired and killed one of the passers-by.
He died and left his wife with five children.
It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out.

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