英语句子中除了主、谓、宾还有什么语?作用是什么?
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英语句子中除了主、谓、宾还有什么语?作用是什么?
英语句子中除了主、谓、宾还有什么语?作用是什么?
英语句子中除了主、谓、宾还有什么语?作用是什么?
句子成分ABC问答
英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的.不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的.因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语.
请同学们认真阅读下面的问答,我相信它一定会对同学们起到抛砖引玉的作用.
【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?
【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分.它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等.
【问】各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及短语充当?
【答】
1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当.如:
The car is running fast.(名词)
We are students.(代词)
One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)
It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)
Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)
【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后.
2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当.动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词.实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分.如:
He works in a factory.(实义动词)
I felt cold.(系动词+表语)
How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)
Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)
They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)
【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应.
3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当.如:
He is doing his homework.(名词)
They did nothing this morning.(代词)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物.这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass, tell,leave等.如:
He bought me a book.
Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾)
直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等.如:
Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)
②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词.这类动词有:want,wish, hope,promise,decide,agree, choose,care等.如:
I hope to see you again.
③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式.这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss, suggest,keep(on)等.如:
Do you mind my opening the window?
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同.
a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”,forget doing表示“已完成的动作”.如:
Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)
I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)
b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下
原来的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示“停止做某事”.如:
I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话.)
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话.)
4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当.如:
What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)
She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
There are two students in the classroom.(数词)
We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)
【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面.
5.状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当.单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末.如:
Thank you very much.(副词)
I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)
He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)
We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)
【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后.如:
He is old enough to go to school.
6.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当.常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become, smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等.如:
They are workers.(名词)
Two and three is five.(数词)
The story is very interesting.(形容词)
M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)
She is at home.(介词短语)
I feel terrible.(形容词)
The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)
7.宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语.需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach, ask,see,have
☆陈述句的五个基本句式.
句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的.这五个基本句式如下(说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语 )
五个基本句式详细解释如下:
(1)S十V十P主系表结构
(2)S十V主谓结构
(3)S十V十O主谓宾结构
(4)S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
(5)S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
1.S十V十P 主系表结构(P一般是形容词或名词或名词性质的短语)
在此句式中,V是系动词,常见的系动词有:be, feel, become等.例如:
eg: He is handsome.(he做主语,is是系动词,handsome是形容词,做表语)
译:他长得帅.
eg: He is a clever boy.(he是主语,is 是系动词,a clever boy是名词短语〔不定冠词a/an + 形容词+名词单数〕,做表语)
译:他是一个聪明的男孩.
eg: The desk feels hard.(The desk是主语,feel是系动词,hard是形容词)
书桌摸起来很硬.
2.S十V 主谓结构
在此句式中,V是不及物动词(vi).例如:
eg: He runs quickly.(he是主语 run是不及物动词, 其中quickly是副词,修饰run)
译:他跑得快.
eg: They listened carefully.
译:他们听得很仔细.
eg: My ink has run out.(my ink是主语,run out是一个不及物的动词词组,has run out是现在完成时的结构) 译:我的钢笔水用完了.
3.S十V十O主谓宾结构
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt),只有及物动词或及物动词短语才能且必须接宾语,因此后有宾语,(宾语一般为名词,名词短语或代词)例如:
eg: I saw a film .(I是主语,saw是谓语,a film是宾语)
译:我看了一部电影.
eg: They took good care of the children.(they是主语 ,took good care of是谓语,其中took是take的过去式,the children是宾语)
译:这些孩子他们照看得很好.
4.S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词.常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get等.
eg: He gave me a book.(he 是主语gave是谓语动词,是give 的过去式,me是间宾,a book是直宾)=== He gave a book to me.
译:他给我一本书.
eg: He brought me a pen.===He brought a pen to me.(brought是bring的过去式,译为“带来”) 译:他带给我一枝钢笔.
eg: Mother bought me a book=== Mother bought a book for me. (bought是buy的过去式)
译:妈妈给我买了一本书.
5.S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词.常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词.
eg: They made the girl angry.(they是主语, made是谓语动词, the girl是宾语, angry是宾补,即宾语不足语)
译:他们使这个女孩生气了.
eg: They found her happy.(her是宾语,happy是宾补)
译:他们发现那天她很高兴.
希望能帮到你~
状语:包括时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、目的状语.......
定语:起修饰名词的作用。
表语:跟在be动词后
同位语:进一步说明前面的名词
宾语补足语:补充说明宾语