英语翻译21.The benefits of listening are seen in the "orienting reflex," discovered by Pavlov.When a dog hears a sound or sees movement,it will stop all activities and cock its head.Another Russian scientist,E.N.Sokolov,noticed that the dog's hea

英语翻译21.The benefits of listening are seen in the "orienting reflex," discovered by Pavlov.When a dog hears a sound or sees movement,it will stop all activities and cock its head.Another Russian scientist,E.N.Sokolov,noticed that the dog's hea
英语翻译
21.The benefits of listening are seen in the "orienting reflex," discovered by Pavlov.When a dog hears a sound or sees movement,it will stop all activities and cock its head.Another Russian scientist,E.N.Sokolov,noticed that the dog's heart rate slows.
A similar response occurs in people too—and it lowers blood pressure.One experiment charted human pressure during three activities:reading out loud,staring at a blank wall and watching fish in a tank.Blood pressure was highest when the people spoke.But it was lowest when they watched the fish,rather than when they simply sat and relaxed.Whether watching fish or listening to another person,attending calmly to the world outside yourself helps lower blood pressure.When I got hypertensives to listen undefensively,their blood pressure often fell dramatically.
Why do some people find talking so stressful,and listening so difficult?I tested some healthy newborns.When they cried,their blood pressure often doubled.We began thinking about pressure surges in hypertensives as similar to the changes when a baby cries.Though calm on the surface while talking,their bodies are screaming to be heard.For these people,communication becomes a desperate but hidden struggle.Inside their adult bodies is a baby crying,terrified because no one can hear it.
Status can compound the communication problem.Many patients told us their pressure was always lower when they took it at home than when their doctors took it.Could the doctor's high social status be a factor?To test the idea,we recruited 40 medical students,and had their blood pressure taken while they were quiet,and while speaking.For half the students,our researcher dressed in blue jeans and said he was a graduate student.With the other half,he wore a white lab coat and said he was an internist.Those who spoke to the "doctor" registered higher blood pressure readings.

英语翻译21.The benefits of listening are seen in the "orienting reflex," discovered by Pavlov.When a dog hears a sound or sees movement,it will stop all activities and cock its head.Another Russian scientist,E.N.Sokolov,noticed that the dog's hea
听觉的作用在Pavlov所发现的“朝向反射”理论中得到了体现：当一只狗听到某种声音,或看到某种运动,它会停下其他所有的动作,并昂起自己的头.另外一位俄罗斯科学家E.N.Sokolov注意到狗的心跳速率会降下来.
在人类中也存在类似的响应行为——此时人的血压会降低.研究人员做了一个实验,跟踪人类在三种活动中的血压,包括：大声朗读,注视一面空墙,以及观看水槽中的鱼.当人说话时血压最高.而与单纯坐着放松相比,观看鱼时人的血压最低.是否观看鱼或听其他人说话,或平静的融入体外世界会降低人的血压呢?当我因毫无防备的听到某个声音而导致血压升高时,有些试验者的血压却经常是急剧下降.
为什么有些人感觉自己在讲话时很紧张,而且难以听进别人的话语?我对一些健康的新生儿做了个实验,当哭泣时他们的血压经常会倍增.我们倾向认为高血压患者的血压骤升与婴儿哭泣时的血压变化类似.尽管表面上在进行比较平静的谈话,这些人的身体里边却在呐喊,希望自己的声音被听到.对这些人而言,语言交流成了一种迫切的隐形挣扎.他们的成人体内却隐藏着婴儿的哭泣,可怕的是没有人可以听到哭声.
个人所处状态也会影响交流问题.一些病人告诉我们,与医生所测血压相比,他们自己在家里所测的结果总要低一些.为了证实这种想法,我们征集了40名医科学生,分别在他们平静时以及谈话时测试了一下血压.在对其中一半学生进行测试时,我们的研究员身穿蓝色牛仔服,并自称为研究生.而对另外一半学生,研究员身穿白大褂并自称为内科医师.结果与“内科医师”谈话的这组学生都测出了比平静时更高的血压读数.

听过的好处在“定向反射,”巴甫洛夫所发现。当一只狗听到声音或看到的运动,它将停止一切活动和公鸡头。另一位俄罗斯科学家,e . n . sokolv,注意到狗的心率减慢。
一个类似的反应发生在人们——它能降低血压。一个实验绘制人类的压力在三个活动:大声朗读,盯着空白的墙面和看鱼在一辆坦克。血压最高时的人说。但这是最低的,当他们看着鱼,而不是当他们只是坐在那里,放松。鱼是否看或听另一个人,平静...

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听过的好处在“定向反射,”巴甫洛夫所发现。当一只狗听到声音或看到的运动,它将停止一切活动和公鸡头。另一位俄罗斯科学家,e . n . sokolv,注意到狗的心率减慢。
一个类似的反应发生在人们——它能降低血压。一个实验绘制人类的压力在三个活动:大声朗读,盯着空白的墙面和看鱼在一辆坦克。血压最高时的人说。但这是最低的,当他们看着鱼,而不是当他们只是坐在那里,放松。鱼是否看或听另一个人,平静地参加到外面的世界自己能帮助降低血压。当我回到hypertensives倾听
为什么有些人觉得谈论这样的紧张,倾听如此困难?我测试了一些健康的新生儿。当他们叫道,他们的血压通常翻了一倍。我们开始思考在类似的hypertensives压力波动变化当一个婴儿哭。尽管表面上冷静交谈时,他们的身体都能听到尖叫。对这些人来说,通信变得绝望但隐藏的斗争。在他们成人尸体是一个婴儿在大声啼哭,吓坏了,因为没有人能听到它。
状态可能会加深沟通问题。许多患者告诉我们他们的压力总是降低了他们是在家里也不愿当医生把它。可以医生的高的社会地位是一个因素吗?为了测试这个想法,我们召集了40位医学生,并测量了血压当他们安静,说话的时候。一半的学生,我们的研究人员穿着蓝色的牛仔裤和说,他是一名研究生。与其他的一半,他穿着白大褂,说他是一个internis

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