英语中,“谓语、表语、定语、副词”分别是什么?求英语的八大时态语法

英语中,“谓语、表语、定语、副词”分别是什么?求英语的八大时态语法
英语中,“谓语、表语、定语、副词”分别是什么?求英语的八大时态语法

英语中,“谓语、表语、定语、副词”分别是什么?求英语的八大时态语法
定义:状语是名词前面的连带成分,用来修饰、限制、动词或形容词,表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等.
例句:(括号内为状语)
他[已经]走了
咱们[北京]见
歌声[把王老师]带入深沉的回忆
科学[终于以伟大的不可抑制的力量]战胜了神权
说明:1.副词、形容词经常做状语.
2.表示时间、处所的名词经常做状语,一般名词不做状语动词中除助动词外很少做状语.
3.介词结构常做状语
4.一般状语紧连在中心词的前边,但表示时间、处所、目的的名词或介词结构作状语时,可以放在主语的前边.如[在杭州],我们游览了西湖美景
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语.一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式.尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难.状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点.现分别列举如下:
1． 时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2． 地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3． 原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, since
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, inasmuch as, insomuch as
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
4． 目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5． 结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6． 条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7． 让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议.
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8． 比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器.
9． 方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
第一个down为副词
动词+副词的组合,如果用代词要放在副词之前.即,可以写成
turn it down.
第二个on为介词.
只有几个介词可以作为副词使用
如on\down\up\out\off...
这个要根据情况看是什么词.turn\cut等后常加副词
补充回答：
怎样记忆（分辨）“动词+介词（副词）”型短语的含义
悬赏分：0 - 解决时间：2006-9-23 21:10
这个问题困扰了我很长时间,有一些“动词+介词（副词）”型短语,我总是分不清它们的意思,比如keep+up/down/off/back...当同一个动词与不同介词（副词）连用时,往往会生发出不同的意思,而且每个短语还有多个不同的意思,让我着实头疼.请问各位有没有什么记忆的好方法?
提问者： fredfsh - 魔法师 四级
1.主要靠平时记忆.
2.如果知道哪些词平时可用作介词、什么意思,也有助于区别他们是介词还是副词.如：
Please fill the words in the form.
这一句可拆分成：
Please fill the words in. /Please fill in the words . 副词in有动态的“进入”之义.
或者,Please fill in the form.介词in有静态的“在里面”之义.
英语中有一些表示方式、 程度的副词具有两种形式. 如late,lately；
high,highly；slow,showly等 等.在这些词当中,两种不同形式所表达的含
义有的完全不同,有的很相似,而有的却完全一致.这就给人们 使用这些词时
带来一定的麻烦.特别是在学生中间,总免不了使用时的混淆.笔者想就此问题
分类作一点探讨 .
（一）本类词有hard,hardly；late,lately；most,mostly等等,这两
种副词形式含义完全不同,所以 ,使用时不易引起混淆.
1.He works hard all day.他整天都在使劲地干活.
He hardly works at all.他很少干活.
2.You have come too late.你来得太晚了.
Have you see him lately?你最近见到过他吗?
3.The person who talks most is often the one who doesleast.说得最
多的人常常干得最少.
The audience consisted mostly of women.观众大部分是女的.
4.The next flight dose not go direct to Tokyo; it goes byway of
Shanghai.下趟航班不直飞东京 ,而是绕道上海.
He will be here directly.他马上就来.
5.The rider pulled his horse up short.骑手突然一下把马勒住.
Make a right turn shortly beyond the village. 村前不远处往右拐.
6.Please stand clear of the gate.请不要站在门前.
He stated his view-point clealy.他很清楚明白地阐述了自己的观点.
7.The exam was pretty difficult.这次考试相当难.
Her little girls are always prettily dressed.她的小女孩穿着总是很
漂亮.
（二）这类词主要有wide,widely；close, closely ；high,highly等
等,这两种副词形式不同,含义 也有差别,但是没有第一类的区别明显,而且
翻译成汉语时用词也很接近.所以使用时很容易混淆.这类词含 义及用法上的
主要特点是：不带-ly的副词表示具体的行为和动作,说明的动作或状况有可测
量性和可见性；而 以-ly结尾的同源副词所表达的常常是抽象性的行为和状况.
这时,这些词大都具有"greatly"和"extremel y"的含义.试作如下比较：
1.Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?你是否看
见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞 着?
The distinguished guests were highly praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬.
2.He flung the door wide open.他猛地把门开得大大的.
We were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很
大.
3.You will have to pay dear for that telescope.买那个望远镜你得付
很高的价钱.
You will pay dearly for the insult. 对这样的侮辱你将付出高昂的代价.
4.She stood close against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着.
The police were watching him closely.警察在密切监视他.
5.The bird is now flying quite low.鸟儿现在飞得非常低.
He bowed lowly before the queen.他谦恭地给女王鞠了一躬.
6.They had to dig deep to reach water.他们挖得很深才挖到水.
You have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不轻.
7.Grace is holding tight to Paul.格雷斯紧紧地搂抱着保罗.
The passengers were packed tightly in the train.火车车箱里挤满了乘
客.
8.Mr. Cole tends to speak rather loud.科尔先生说话声音总是很大.
Mr. Cole boasted loudly of his power. 科尔先生大肆夸耀自己的权力.
（三）这类词主要有slow,slowly；quick,quickly等等异形同义词.当
然,现代英语的语言规范性要求 用以-ly 结尾的副词来修饰动词,但由于句子
结构以及搭配的不同,使用时也具有不同的倾向性.在此,主要 探讨一下在什
么情况下常使用不带-ly的副词形式.同时, 把第二类中一些适应于下列规则
的词也包括进去. 总的说来,倾向于使用不带-ly副词形式的情况大致有下列
四种：
Ⅰ 用作比较级或最高级时：
1.Allen was walking quickly, but George was walking evenquicker.
艾伦走得很快,但乔治走得更快 .
2.The men were quarreling loudly, but the policemenshouted louder.
那些人在大声争吵着,但 是警察喊叫得更响.
3.The car went slower and slower until it came to a stand still.
汽车走得越来越慢,最后停了下 来.
4.Let's see who can run quickest.我们来看看谁跑得最快.
5.We must look closer at the problem. 我们必须更加仔细地查看这一问
题.
Ⅱ 有"so"或"too"修饰时：
1.It all happened so quick that I could do nothing. 这一切发生得如
此之快以致于我手足无措无法 对付了.
2.It is impossible to overtake him; your car goes tooslow.不可能赶
上他了,你的车太慢了.
3.Don't talk so loud; the child is in bed now.别这样大声说话,孩子
已经睡了.

1. 谓语是表示是什么或干什么的
   

2. 表语是系动词后面的系表结构

3. 定语是修饰名词的
   

• 副词是修饰名词以外词语和整个句子的词

八大时态
一、 一般现在时...

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1. 谓语是表示是什么或干什么的
   

2. 表语是系动词后面的系表结构

3. 定语是修饰名词的
   

• 副词是修饰名词以外词语和整个句子的词

八大时态
一、 一般现在时：

1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,

3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S）

4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

6.例句：. It seldom snows here.

He is always ready to help others.

Action speaks louder than words.

二、 一般过去时：

1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词

4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.

I didn't know you were so busy.

三、 现在进行时：

1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.

3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing

4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

6.例句： How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.

四、 过去进行时：

1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构：was/were+doing

4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.

5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。

6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.

When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.

五、 现在完成时：

1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

3.基本结构：have/has + done

4.否定形式：have/has + not +d one.

5.一般疑问句：have或has。

6.例句：I've written an article.

It has been raining these days.

六、 过去完成时：

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.

3.基本结构：had + done.

4.否定形式：had + not + done.

5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books

七、 一般将来时：

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.

4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。

6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

It is going to rain.

八、 过去将来时：

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

3.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.

4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。

6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day

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这个问题建议去书店买专门的语法书来看，上面很详细的。

简单理解记忆
谓语是动词
表语大多是形容词 名词
定语形容词 修饰句子中的名词
副词是修饰整个句子或是修饰句子中的动词
不懂再问?能不能分别举些例子？谢谢1 i hate u hate谓语动词2 she is a girl . She is beautiful. 主系表 表语就是接在系动词后面的词语...

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简单理解记忆
谓语是动词
表语大多是形容词 名词
定语形容词 修饰句子中的名词
副词是修饰整个句子或是修饰句子中的动词
不懂再问?

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一般现在时更多
1.表经常发生的事情、存在的动作或状态
eg She sings with the band Crazy Boy.
2.表内心活动感情等
eg I don't think you are right.
3.描述客观真理
eg Birds fly in the sky.
4.表预定的行为
eg The train lea...

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一般现在时更多
1.表经常发生的事情、存在的动作或状态
eg She sings with the band Crazy Boy.
2.表内心活动感情等
eg I don't think you are right.
3.描述客观真理
eg Birds fly in the sky.
4.表预定的行为
eg The train leaves at 9.
·[基本结构]一般现在时的基本结构
·[时态详解]一般现在时最详细解析
·[特殊用法]一般现在时表示过去
·[时态练习]初中英语语法 一般现在时练习题
一般过去时更多
1.表过去发生的事情或存在的状态
eg Suddenly,the clouds cleared and the rain stopped.
2.表过去经常发生的事情
eg I was very thin in my childhood.
3.带有确定的过去的时间状语
eg Did you meet yesterday? He left just now.
·[基本结构]一般过去时的基本结构
·[时态详解]一般过去时最详细解析
·[特殊用法]一般过去时表示现在
·[时态练习]初中英语语法 一般过去时练习题
一般将来时更多
1.要在将来的某个时间内发生，是“纯粹的将来动作”。
eg I shall / will not be free tomorrow.
2.表说话人的意图、打算或某种可能性
eg Who is going to speak first?
3.按计划要发生的动作或命令他人做某事
eg The new bridge is to open to traffic in 3 days.
·[基本结构]一般将来时的基本结构
·[时态详解]一般将来时最详细解析
·[特殊用法]表示将来的五种常用非时态方式
·[时态练习]初中英语语法 一般将来时练习题
现在进行时更多
1.说话、写文章的当刻正在发生的动作
eg They are having a football match.
2.现阶段一直在进行的动作
eg He is preparing for CET Band Six.
3.表示说话人的情感，如赞许、批评等
eg She is often doing well at school.
4.表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作
eg Are you staying here till next week?
·[基本结构]现在进行时的基本结构
·[时态详解]现在进行时最详细解析
·[特殊用法]现在进行时表示将来
·[时态练习]初中英语语法 现在进行时练习题
过去进行时更多
1.表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作
eg At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.
2.用于故事的开头，交代故事发生的背景情况
eg One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke …
3.表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作
eg We left there when it's getting dark.
·[基本结构]过去进行时的基本结构
·[时态详解]过去进行时最详细解析
·[特殊用法]过去进行时表示现在
·[时态练习]初中英语语法 过去进行时练习题
过去完成时更多
1.发生在“过去的过去”
eg When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
2.与一个表示过去的时间状语连用
eg Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
3.在过去某时之前开始一直延续到这一时间
eg By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
·[基本结构]过去完成时的基本结构
·[时态详解]过去完成时最详细解析
·[特殊用法]过去完成时表示未曾实现的想法
·[时态练习]初中英语语法 过去完成时练习题
现在完成时更多
1.表示截止现在业已完成的动作
eg By now, I have collected all the data that I need.
2.表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作
eg She has been to the United States.
3.表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续
eg I have learned English for 8 years.
·[基本结构]现在完成时的基本结构
·[时态详解]现在完成时最详细解析
·[特殊用法]让现在完成时一目了然的词语
·[时态练习]初中英语语法 现在完成时练习题
过去将来时更多
1.宾语从句或间接引语中
eg He didn't expect that we would all be there.
2.表示过去习惯性的动作
eg During that period, he would do this every day.
3.表示过去的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句
eg They knew that we would never permit such a thing.
·[基本结构]过去将来时的基本结构
·[时态详解]过去将来时最详细解析
·[特殊用法]几种结构表未曾实现的意图
·[时态练习]初中英语语法 过去将来时练习题

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