被动语态的讲解与主动语态的区别等．

被动语态的讲解与主动语态的区别等．
被动语态的讲解
与主动语态的区别等．

被动语态的讲解与主动语态的区别等．
中考英语被动语态完全手册
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的.英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态.
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.巧记为：主动、主动、主去动.
例如：Many people speak English.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的.
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.巧记为：被动、被动、主被动.例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者.
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式,是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构,从而是句法概念.所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子,而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子.
例如：He opened the door.他开了门.(主动句)
The door was opened.门被开了.(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成.人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的.现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成.
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时：have／has been＋taught
现在完成时：have／has been＋taught
歌诀是：被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面.
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.
例如：
Some new computers were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了.(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年.
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者.
例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的.
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的.
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证.
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要；
动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到.
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式).
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格.例如：
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are madeby themin the factory.
歌诀是：宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟.
谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用.
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留.
歌诀是：情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”,原来带to要保留.例如：
We can repair this watch in two days.
This watch can be repaired in two days.
You ought to take it away.
It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once.

太深奥了，完全不明白！

语态是动词的一种形式，它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。

英语有两种语态， 主动语态和被动语态， 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。例如：

I have repaired the radio.
...

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语态是动词的一种形式，它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。

英语有两种语态， 主动语态和被动语态， 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。例如：

I have repaired the radio.

我修好了收音机。

The radio has been repaired.

收音机被修好了。

The students cleaned the classroom.

学生们打扫了教室。

The classroom was cleaned by the students.

教室被学生们打扫了。

被动语态的构成：

be + 过去分词

A building was damaged by the storm.

暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。

Our plate was made in China.

我们的盘子是中国生产的。

My bike was stolen.

我的自行车被盗了。

常用的被动语态的时态变化如下，以 ask 为例：

一般 进行 完成

现在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked

过去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked

将来I shall be asked, I shall have been asked

过去将来I shall be asked

被动语态的疑问句是把助动词提前到句首。

Has your TV set been repaired?

你的电视机修了吗？

Was the kite broken?

风筝破了吗？

Has the work been done?

工作结束了吗？

被动语态的否定式是在助动词后面加 not.

The letter has not been sent out.

信还没有发出去。

The little boy has not been found out.

小孩还没有找到。

The cap has not been mended yet.

帽子还没有补好。

Their money has not been sent to them.

他们的钱还没有送到他们手中。

被动语态的用法：

被动语态表示一种主语和谓语之间的关系，当主语是动作的承受者时， 就需要用到被动语态，汉语中所说的，“汽车被撞坏了”“钢笔被修好了” 等句子就是一种被动语态的句子，在汉语中常用“被”“由”等词来表示这种被动语态。在英语中则用动词的被动语态形式来表示。被动语态中还可用 by 短语加在句后表示被动语态中动作的发出者。也就是谓语动词动作的逻辑上的主语，被动语态常用在下列情况。

1) 不知道谁是谓语动词动作的执行者时，或者没有必要说出谁是执行者时。

The glass was broken last night.

玻璃昨天被打破了。

His bike has been stolen.

他的自行车被偷了。

He was asked to go there once more.

他被要求再去那儿一次。

The bag was put into the box.

袋子放在了箱子里。

2) 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。

The plan has been sent to the headmaster.

计划已经送给校长了。

Kilinton was elected the President of U.S.A.

克林顿被选为美国总统。

Five people were hurt in the explosion.

五个人在这次爆炸中受伤。

A new building was set up in a short time.

新大楼短期就建成了。

3) 被动语态也可以说出动作的执行者，构成如下：

动作承受者 + be + 过去分词 + by + 动作执行者。

The picture was praised by everybody.

照片得到了大家的好评。

The classroom was cleaned by us.

教室被我们打扫过。

The bridge was built by workers from Shanxi.

这座桥是山西的工人建的。

The little boy was found by the police.

小孩被警察找到了。

有关被动语态的几个问题：

1) "be + 过去分词" 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。

I'm interested in mathematics.

我对数学感兴趣。

He seems unsatisfied with his work.

他看起来对他的工作不满意。

We are determined to catch up with the developed countries.

我们决心要赶上发达国家。

The song is called "Don't forget me".

歌曲的名字叫“勿忘我”。

某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。

The food tastes good.

食物很香。

It smells strange.

这有怪味。

The stone feels very cold.

石头摸起来很冷。

The woman's clothes sell well.

女装卖的快。

3) 一般情况下，及物动词才能构成被动语态，但有些不及物动词组成短语后，也可构成被动语态。

He was looked down upon because of his egoism.

他因自私而受人冷落。

The children were taken good care of in the the orphanage.

孩子们在孤儿院受到了良好的照顾。

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