英译汉!今天就要!【五】Chemical dependency(瘾) can result from many things:alcohol,caffeine,illegal drugs like cocaine,legal drugs like pain killers.But one of the most difficult dependencies to break is also the most common:smoking.The bod

英译汉!今天就要!【五】Chemical dependency(瘾) can result from many things:alcohol,caffeine,illegal drugs like cocaine,legal drugs like pain killers.But one of the most difficult dependencies to break is also the most common:smoking.The bod
英译汉!今天就要!
【五】
Chemical dependency(瘾) can result from many things:alcohol,caffeine,illegal drugs like cocaine,legal drugs like pain killers.But one of the most difficult dependencies to break is also the most common:smoking.The body becomes addicted to the nicotine in tobacco.Now,researchers may have found an important link in the brain with smoking addiction.
Scientists at the University of Southern California and the University of Iowa studied thirty-two former smokers.All of the men and women had brain injuries as a result of strokes.Half of them reported that they suffered give up cigarettes quickly and easily after they suffered the brain damage.Magnetic resonance imaging showed that twelve of those sixteen patients had suffered damage to a part of the brain called the insula(脑岛).Experiments have suggested that the insula has a lot to do with the experience of pain and some basic emotions like fear,anger and happiness.
The patients in the study had all smoked at least five cigarettes a day for two years.One of the sixteen who reported that they quit smoking immediately and without effort had smoked as many as forty a day.
Antoine Bechara was one of the leaders of the study.Antoine Bechara says the insula is not the only area of the brain involved in cigarette addiction.He says many parts of the brain are connected with substance dependency.But he says damage to the insula does seem to destroy a necessary link in the smoking addiction.
The patients did not lose all dependencies-they still had a normal desire for food,for example.This may suggest that the insula is more responsible for dependencies that come from a learned pleasure,like smoking.And the researchers say their discovery may point to a weak spot in smoking addiction.
They say it could lead to better ways to help people stop smoking-but much more research is needed.
不要软件翻译和google翻译的,要人工翻译的!

英译汉!今天就要!【五】Chemical dependency(瘾) can result from many things:alcohol,caffeine,illegal drugs like cocaine,legal drugs like pain killers.But one of the most difficult dependencies to break is also the most common:smoking.The bod
很多事情会导致化学类上瘾：究竟,咖啡因 ,一些非法药物 比如说 可卡因和止痛药 .但是对于人类来说 最难以戒掉的瘾则是：吸烟.人类的身体会对香烟当中的尼古丁上瘾.现在,一些研究者们已经发现大脑中与烟瘾有关的联系部分.南加州 和LOWA大学的科学家们对过去有过吸烟历史的人进行研究.研究表明,所有的被研究者无论是男人还是女人都会因为吸烟造成脑组织损伤.他们当中有一半人在发现脑组织损伤后 果断的戒掉了香烟.磁共振成像显示,12人16例,受到损害的一部分,所谓的脑岛 .实验表明,岛已经有很多事情要做的经验疼痛和一些基本的情绪一样恐惧,愤怒和幸福.
参与这项研究的患者都吸烟至少5香烟一天为两年.一个16谁报告说,他们戒菸立即努力熏多达四十一天.
安托万贝沙拉是一个领导人的研究.安托万贝沙拉说,岛并不是唯一的脑部区域参与香烟上瘾.他说,许多地区的大脑是与物质的依赖.但是他说,损害岛似乎摧毁一个必要环节,吸烟成瘾.
患者并没有失去所有的依赖性,他们仍然有正常欲望的食物,例如.这可能表明,岛是负责相依来自一个教训高兴,喜欢吸烟.和研究人员说,他们发现可能指向一个弱点吸烟成瘾.
他们说,这可能会导致更好的方式来帮助人们戒菸,但更多的研究是必要的.