表语从句和宾语从句有什么区别?2楼很废话
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表语从句和宾语从句有什么区别?2楼很废话
表语从句和宾语从句有什么区别?
2楼很废话
表语从句和宾语从句有什么区别?2楼很废话
同位语
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语.同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起.
1.由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构,其中前项与后项所指相同,句法功能也相同,后项是前项的同位语.
Mr.Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.
我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好.
Mr.Smith是主词our new teacher的同位语,指同一人.
Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆.
a friend of my brother's是受词Tom的同位语,指同一人.
2.如同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时不用逗点隔开;如同位语对其同位成分只作补充解释时可用逗点隔开.
He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.
他本人对我讲,他的兄长约翰是一位世界闻名的医生.
himself和John都是单一的字作同位语,与其同位成分之间不用逗点隔开.
Yesterday I talked to my English teacher,Mr.James.
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了.
同位语Mr.James补充解释my English teacher,同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗点隔开.
3.同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义.
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
我们中国人民是勤劳勇敢的.
He is interested in sports,especially ball games.
他喜欢运动,特别是球类运动.
同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事实),belief (信仰),news(消息),idea(主意;观念),promise(承诺),information(信息),conclusion(结论),order(命令),suggestion(建议),problem(问题),thought (想法)等后面.例如:He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is not in good health.His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised for a long time.I had no idea that you were here.She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.He made a promise that he would never come late.注意:that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句,其区别在于:同位语从句由连接词that引导,连接词that本身无意义,在同位语从句中不充当任何成分,不可省略,不可以用其他词替代;定语从句由关系代词that引导,关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分,作宾语时可省略,由when,why,where引导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于:同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用,没有指代作用; 定语从句由关系副词引导,关系副词具有指代先行词的作用,常用一个介词加关系代词替换.例如:I will never forget the day when we first met.(同位语从句,when为连接词) That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget.(定语从句,which/that为关系副词) This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago.(同位语从句,where为连接词) This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago.(定语从句,where为关系副词)
区分表语从句和同位语从句
从句是相对于主句而言的,即它是从属于某一个主句,而不能单独作一个句子.在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等).
主语从句用作主语,如::
That the earth is round is true.地球为圆的是真实的.
宾语从句用作宾语.如:
Do you know where he lives?
表语从句用作表语,如:
My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的意见是你不应单独前往.
同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词.如:
The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圆的的事实是真实的.(that从句用于解释说明the fact)
定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词.如:
The student who answered the question was John.回答问题的学生是John.
状语从句相当于一个副词,如:
When it rains,I usually go to school by bus.天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学.(时间状语)
If he comes tomorrow,you will see him.如果他明天来,你就可以看见他.(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句).要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来.
主句和从句的划分方法是相同的.句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易.谓语动词前面的部分是主语,后面常接宾语,修饰谓语动词的是状语,修饰主语、宾语的是定语,若谓语是系动词,则系动词后的部分是表语.如:
I am a teacher.其中,I 是主语,am是谓语,a teacher 是表语.
He likes playing football very mucy.其中,he是主语,likes是谓语,playing football是宾语,very much是状语.
所修饰的句子的成分不同