英语定语从句关系代词的选用

英语定语从句关系代词的选用
英语定语从句关系代词的选用

英语定语从句关系代词的选用
主要看关系词在定语从句中的语法作用或者说看定语从句缺少什么成份.因为关系代词在从句中可以充当主语、宾语和表语等.
请看下面的详细讲解,
关系代词的选择主要取决于以下几个因素：
1、定语从句修饰或说明的先行词的意义,即先行词是指人还是指物.
2、关系代词在从句中的句法功能,即关系代词是作定语从句的主语还是宾语,还是句子的其它成分
3、定语从句与先行词的关系,即定语从句是限制性定语从句还是非限制性的定语从句.
(1)who和that可以指人,which和that可以指物,但是在限制性定语从句中,特别是在口语中,先行词指人时,关系代词做主语,通常用who,作宾语用that；先行词指物时,关系代词通常用that.例如：
The man who wrote the book is a famous writer.
She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood.
Where is the book that I bought last week.
(2)在非限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时,关系代词做主语用who,作宾语用whom,不可省略；先行词指物时,关系代词用which 不用that.例如：
Martin Luther King,who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964,was an important political leader in the USA.
His brother,whom we met on the way,is in the classroom now.
These apple-trees,which we planted 3 years ago,haven’t borne any fruit.
Football,which is a very interested game,is played all over the world.
（3）先行词被any,every,the only,the very,the same,all,no修饰时,关系代词通常用that而不用which和who,作宾语时可省略.如：
Ask her or any other student that was there.
That’s the only thing (that) we can do at the moment.
（4）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词通常用that而不用which和who,作宾语时可省略.如：
This is the best book (that) I have ever known on that subject.
The last place (that) we visited was a school.
（5）先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,none时,关系代词通常用that而不用which,如：
There is still much that can be done about it.
All (that) you have to do is to get everything ready.
（6）先行词是指人的不定代词one和all时,关系代词通常用who而不用that.如：
All(Those)who heard the story were surprised.
(7)先行词是不定代词everything,something,anything,nothing关系代词通常用that而不用which,在something之后亦可用which;是everyone,everybody,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,no one时,关系代词通常用who而不用that.如：
There is something (that/which) I want to tell you.
Is there anyone who doesn’t understand the text?
(8)在介词之后,先行词指人时,关系代词只能用whom；指物时只能用which,（且不可省略）不能用that,.但介词放在从句句末时,可用that,且可省略.如：
Do you know the woman with whom the teacher is talking?
Do you know the woman (whom/that) the teacher is talking with?
This is the storybook about which I told you.
This is the storybook (which/that) I told you about.
(9)当先行词为两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的名词及其短语时,关系代词只用that而不用which或who.如：
Mary has to look after her young sister and the little cat that are left in the house after the parents go to work.
He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited.
(10)先行词是指示代词that 时,通常指物,关系代词用which;是those时,通常指人,关系代词用who.如：
What is that which she said?
Those who do not work must not eat.
(11)先行词是疑问代词who 时,关系代词只能用that,不能用who.如;
Who that has read this book will never forget it.
（12）在由who,which构成的疑问句中,若含有定语从句,关系代词只能用that,不能用who和which.如;
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
Which of us that knows something about physics does not this?