gh与th在英语单词里的各种发音情况

gh与th在英语单词里的各种发音情况
gh与th在英语单词里的各种发音情况

gh与th在英语单词里的各种发音情况
1．gh在词首时,读作/g/.
例：ghost/gəust/
2．词首为字母1,且后跟字母组合augh时,gh读作/f/.
例：laugh/la:f/,laughter/'la:ftə/
3．词尾为字母组合ough时,gh读作/f/.
例：enough /i'nʌf/,cough/kʌf/,rough/rʌf/,tough/tʌf/
二、gh在下列五种情况下不发音
1．gh 在元音字母i后不发音.
例：bright/brait/,fight/fait/,frighten/'fraitn/,high/hai/,light/lait/,might/mait/,night/nait/,right/rait/,sight/sait/,slight/slait/
2．gh在元音字母组合ei和ai后不发音.
例：eight/eit/,eighth/eitθ/,neighbor/'neibə/,straight/streit/,weigh/wei/,weight/weit/
3．gh在字母组合ought中不发音.
例：bought/bɔ：t/,brought/brɔ：t/,fought/fɔ：t/,thought/θɔ：t/
4．字母组合augh前面不是1时,gh不发音.
caught/kɔ：t/,daughter/'dɔ：tə/,naught/nɔ：t/,naughty/'nɔ：ti/,taught/tɔ：t/
5．词尾为ough的词,如以上所述,有的发/f/,但有时也不发音.
例：although/ɔ：l'ðəu/,plough/plau/,through/θru：/,though/ðəu/,thorough/'θʌrə/
注意：若gh不是字母组合,而是分属于前后两个不同的音节时,不适合以上规则.
例：dininghall/'dainiŋhɔ：l/
1．在th后以字母-er结尾的单词中,th读浊辅音/ð/.例：altogether/ɔ:ltә'geðә/,farther/'faðә/,feather/'fe ðә/,
whether/'we ðә/,either/'aiðә/,gather/'gæðә/
2．一般情况下,在代词、冠词、介词、连词或副词中的字母组合th,读浊辅音/ð/.例：within/wi'ðin/,without/wi'ðaut/,these/ði:z/,therefore/'ðeәfɔ:/,
al-though/ɔ:lðәu/,those/ ðәuz/,the/ ðә/,thus/ ðas/发音特殊的单词：through/θru:/,throughout/θru:'aut/
3．字母组合th在数词（包括基数词和序数词）中读清辅音/θ/.例：three/θri:/,thirty/'θә:ti/,thirteen/'θә:'ti:n/,third/ θә:d/,fourth/fɔ:θ/,fiftieth/'fiftiiθ/,thousand/'θauzәnd/,hundredth/'handrәdθ/
4．除上述单词外,一般位于词首的th读/θ/.例：theatre/'θiәtә/,thick/θik/,thin/θin/,throat/θrәut/,theory/'θiәri/,thrust/θrast/,thread/θred/,thorough/'θarә/,Thursday/'θә:zdi/
5．以th结尾的单词,th读清辅音/θ/.例：truth/tru:θ/,worth/wә:θ/,breath/breθ/,both/bәuθ/,cloth/klɔθ/,path/pa:θ/,wealth/welθ/,length/leŋθ/,strength/streŋθ/发音特殊的单词,例：smooth/smu:ð/
6．在复合词中,th的读音与在原词中的读音相同.例：something / 'samθiŋ/,anything/'eniθiŋ/,nothing/'naθiŋ/还有前面提到的within,without等.
7．其他无规则可循的词分列如下：maths/mæθs/,arithmetic/ә'riθmәtik/,clothing/klәuðiŋ/,clothes/klәuðz/,southern/'saðәn/,northern/'nɔ:ðәn／,worthy/'wә:ði/,author/'ɔ:θә/,sympathy/'simpәθi/