全倒装和半倒装的条件分别是什么?

全倒装和半倒装的条件分别是什么?
全倒装和半倒装的条件分别是什么?

全倒装和半倒装的条件分别是什么?
英语的正常语序是“主谓紧相连,宾、表、状语在后面”.即英语的基本语序是“主语＋谓语”+其他．但是由于句子结构的需要或表示强调,将谓语或谓语的一部分放到主语的前面,这种句式就称之为倒装.倒装的原因,一是语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）,二是为了强调．倒装又可分为全倒装和半倒装.
将谓语动词完全移到主语之前的称为全倒装；
只将助动词、be动词或情态放到主语之前的称为半倒装或叫部分倒装.
The teacher came in．（正常语序）
In came the teacher．（完全倒装）
We can learn English well only in this way. （正常语序）
Only in this way can we learn English well. （部分倒装）.
部分倒装（10类）：
(1)疑问句要倒装.疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句, 多数疑问句都是倒装语序.如Is this raincoat yours? When shall we meet again? He was very unhappy, wasn’t he?
【注意】反意疑问句中前面陈述部分不倒装,后面附加部分要倒装；特殊疑问句中当主语是疑问词或是被疑问词所修饰时, 也不倒装.如：
Who is Jerry Cooper?
Which team won the game?
(2)Only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时.要用半倒装．
结构: Only+副词( 介词短语或状语从句)+ 助动词\情态动词\be+主语. 如:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 直到那时我才意识到自己错了.
Only in this way can you learn your lessons well. 按照这种方法你才能把你的学习学好.
★only+主语不倒装,如：Only our teacher can do this perfectly.
only修饰状语从句时,从句不倒装.如：
Only when did he return did we find out the truth.(×)
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(√)
(3)含有否定意义的副词或连词,如never\not\barely\scarcely\ hardly\rarely\ never before\ not a single\ little\seldom\ nowhere \under no circumstances(决不)\by no means \at no time \in no case\on no condition
放在句首时,部分倒装.
Never shall I forget what you have done for me.
Little did I know when I took the trip where it would lead me．
By no means shall we understand you.
Not a single mistake did he make.= He didn’t make a single mistake.
(4)副词so放在句首,表示前面说的肯定情况也适用于另一个人（或物）.其句型是：so＋be (have,助动词或情态动词)＋主语.
neither ,nor放在句首,表示前面的否定内容也适合于另一个人或物.其句型是: neither \nor +be (have,情态动词)+主语.
如:She is busy doing her homework. So is her brother.
区别：-He is lazy. --so he is.
He doesn't like shopping. Neither do I.

(5)so＋adj./adv.that的句型要倒装.
So long are his arms that he can reach the ceiling.
So loudly did he speak that others could hear him.
(6)if引导的条件状语从句中,如果有were, had, should, if省略,主谓部分倒装.如:
If I were you, I would go.
Were I you, I would go.
If I had come, I would have seen you.
Had I come, I would have seen you.
★(7)as, though引导让步从句时,句中的表语、状语、动词原形放到as前作特殊语序变化.如果表语是不带定语的单数可数名词,前边的a（an）要省去；被倒装的动词原形常与may、might、will、would等词连用,而这些词都要保留在原来的位置上.
★结构:名词(不加冠词)\形容词\副词\动词+as+主语+动词(情态动词)
Much as I hate him, I will not kill him.
Try as he might, Tom could not find a job.
Young as/though he is ,he knows more than you.
Child as he is , he knows a lot about the world .
=Though/ Although he is a child ,he knows a lot about the world .
Great scientist as Einstein was, he was simple.
(8) such位于句首时,用倒装.如：
Such would be our home in the future.
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist.
（注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语,such后的be动词应与其后“真正的主语”保持一致.）如：
Such are the facts; no one can deny them.
(9)几个否定关联词组连接的两并列分句:
①. not only…but(also)…连接的分句,前面倒装,后面正常句序.如：
Not only was the city polluted but (also) the streets were crowed.
②. no sooner... than；hardly…when…； scarcely…when…等连接的分句前面倒装,后面正常句序.如：
No sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a question.
Hardly had we got to the bus stop when the bus arrived.
③. Not until…连接的分句,前面正常句序后面倒装.如：
Not until he returned did we have supper.
=We didn’t have supper until he returned.
=It was not until he returned that we had supper.
Not until 4:00 in the morning can he fall asleep.
= He can’t fall asleep until 4:00 in the morning.
④. Neither…nor…连接的分句前后都倒装, 并且每个分句都是部分倒装.如：Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.
Neither do I know it , nor do I care about it.
(10)在以often、always、once、many a time、now and then、every、every other way ,every two hours等表示频率的副词状语位于句子开头, 且表示强调时, 采用倒装(若不表示强调也可用自然语序).如：
Many a time did the boy go swimming alone.
Often did we warn them not to do so.
完全倒装（5类）
1.用于there be句型,be也可以是：
appear,enter,come,exist,happen,lie,live,remain, seem,stand.如：
There are some students in the classroom.
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.
2. 用于“ here ,there,now,then , in,out,up,down,away, off, over, back等副词开头的句子里,以表示强调.如：
Here comes the bus. Here it is. Out he rushed.
There goes the bell. Now comes your turn.
Out went the children.
注意：（ 1 ）主语是代词时,主语和谓语不倒装.
（ 2 ） here , there 放在句首通常用一般现在时.
3. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时,也常将其全部倒装.即：在地点状语提前,谓语是be, stand,come, sit, lie 等的句子里.如：
South of the city lies a big steel factory.
From the valley came a frightening sound.
They arrived at a small village, in front of which was a big river.
4. 表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”：
（ 1 ）形容词＋连系动词＋主语
Present at the meeting were Mr. Li, Mr. Wang and many other teachers.
（ 2 ）过去分词＋连系动词＋主语
Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.
（ 3 ）介词短语＋ be ＋主语
Among the goods are books, exercise-books, pens and some other things.
5.such作表语,置于句首,意为“.就是如此”时.
Such were his words.(=Such was what he said.)