certainly、of course、sure、surely用法的区别

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certainly、ofcourse、sure、surely用法的区别certainly、ofcourse、sure、surely用法的区别certainly、ofcourse、sure、surely

certainly、of course、sure、surely用法的区别
certainly、of course、sure、surely用法的区别

certainly、of course、sure、surely用法的区别
英语中的sure和certain是近义形容词,均有“肯定的;确信的;有把握的”的意思,它们的用法也大体相似,许多情况下可以通用,但它们之间也有一些差别,现归纳如下:
一、相同点
1. 两者都能用于“be sure/certain + about /of短语”句型中,表示“对(某事)有把握”.主语必须是人,about/of之后多跟名词、代词.如:
I am sure/certain of his returning. 我确信他会回来.
He is quite sure/certain of /about it. 他对这事很有把握.
2. 两者都能用于be sure/certain to do sth句型中,表示“一定会做某事”,主语可以是人,也可以是物.如:
Spring is sure/certain to follow winter. 冬天过后一定是春天.
They are sure/certain to come. 他们一定会来的.
3. 两者都能用于“be sure/certain +从句”句型中,表示“确信……”,主语只能是人,而不能是物.如:
Tom is sure/certain that I put the key on the table. 汤姆确信我把钥匙放在桌子上了.
We are sure/certain that the book will be of great help to us.我们相信这本书对我们会有很大帮助.
4. 两者都能用于“make sure/certain +从句”结构中,表示“确定;弄清楚”,主语只能是人.如:
You must make sure/certain when the bus will leave. 你必须弄清汽车何时出发.
5. “I ' m not sure…”与“I ' m not certain…”意思相同.如:
I ' m not sure/certain where he is. 我不能确定他在哪儿.
I ' m not sure/certain how to do it. 我不能确定如何做这件事.
二、不同点
1. “I ' m sure…”与“I ' m certain…”均可译为“我深信(确)信……”,但两者的含义却不同.前者表示一种主观上的判断或感觉,事实并不一定如此.后者强调的则是客观事实,意为主语已经知道后面的内容是既定的事实.试比较下面一组句子:
I ' m sure he didn ' t steal it. He isn ' t that kind of person. 我确信他没偷,他不是那种人.
I ' m certain he didn ' t break the cup. I broke it myself. 我敢肯定他没有打碎那个茶杯,(因为)那个茶杯是我打碎的.
2. 如果it作为形式主语代替从句时,则其后的表语用certain,而不能用sure.如:
It isn ' t certain whether he will give us a report next Monday. 下星期一他是否来为我们作报告还不能确定.
3. 两者在作定语时含义不同:sure意为“可靠的;无误的”;而certain若修饰可数名词,意为“某一;某些;某种;一些”,若修饰抽象名词,表示程度,意为“有点;有些”.如:
The letter was sent by a sure hand. 信已由一位可靠的人寄出了.
He made a sure answer. 他回答得准确无误.
A certain person called on me yesterday. 昨天有个人来找过我.
4. 在祈使句中常用sure,不宜用certain.如:
Be sure and remember what I told you. 千万要记住我对你讲的话.
Be sure to write and tell me all the good news. 务必写信告诉我所有的好消息.
5. 口语中,sure常作副词,用在肯定答语中替代surely,这时与of course,certainly意思相当,而certain不可作副词用.如:
—Would you please turn down the radio a little bit? 请你把收音机音量拧小点,好吗?
—Sure/of course/certainly. 当然可以.
certainly与surely用法比较

区别一
表示客观论断,意为“无疑地”、“肯定地”、“确实地”,两者常可换用(注:通常用于被修饰词语之前).如:
He will surely [certainly] fail. 他肯定会失败.
The results are surely [certainly] satisfactory. 结果确实令人满意.

区别二
表示主观看法, 意为“想必”、“一定”、“我相信”等义,通常只用 surely.此时它表示既相信又不肯定或感到惊讶(有时几乎相当于一疑问句,书写时可用问号),通常置于句首或句末,若主语是人称代词,有时也可紧跟在主语之后.如:
You can do something to help him, surely. 你总可以想点办法帮他一下吧.
Surely that’s Jim over there? I thought he was in Paris. 那边想必是吉姆吧? 我还以为他在巴黎呢!
You surely [Surely you] don’t believe that. 想必你不会相信那种话吧.
比较:
That’s certainly a plain-clothes policeman. 那肯定是个 便衣警察.(表客观论断)
Surely that’s a plain-clothes policeman. 那一定是个便衣警察吧.(表示主观看法)
注:若用于否定句,则更强调说话者的怀疑态度,可译为“不见得会”、“不一定会”.如:
Surely you are not going alone. 你不见得会一个人去吧!
of course
一定,当然
=without doubt
of course在口语中的用法
表示:当然;自然.如:
He was late again, of course. 自然他又迟到了.
Of course I‘ll help you. 我当然会帮你.
Of course, I wish both of you well. 当然我希望你们俩身体健康.
He was joking. Of course I‘m not a poet. 他是在开玩笑,我当然不是诗人.
通常在对话中用作回答.如:
A:Are you coming with us? 你和我们一起去吗?
B:Of course. 当然啦.
A:Will you be able to come to the meeting? 你能来开会吗?
B:Of course. 当然能来.
A:May I book your dictionary? 我可借你的字典吗?
B:Yes, of course. 当然可以.
有时与not连用.如:
A:Were you glad to leave? 你愿意离开吗?
B:Of course not. 当然不愿意.
A:Do you want lost the game? 你起输掉这场比赛吗?
B:Of course not. 当然不想.