定语从句和非限制性定语从句用法及联系

定语从句和非限制性定语从句用法及联系
定语从句和非限制性定语从句用法及联系

定语从句和非限制性定语从句用法及联系
一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）
　　1.that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略.[eg：this is the book （which）you want.]
　　2而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
　　3.代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括当先行词是anything,everything,nothing ,none等不定代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时等,这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that
　　4.who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
　　5.whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物,当它引导的从句修饰物体时,可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.
　　二、关系副词（在句中作状语）
　　关系副词=介词+关系代词
　　why=for which
　　where=in/ at/ on/ ...which (介词同先行词搭配)
　　when=during/ on/ in/ ...which (介词同先行词搭配)
　　1.where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句.
　　2.when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导.
　　By the time you arrive in London,we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip,he brings a lot of living necessities,such as towels,soap,toothbrush etc.
　　3.当从句的逻辑主语是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导
　　There is somebody here who wants to speak to you.这里有人要和你说话.

定语从句
1.为什么会有限制性和非限制性定语从句的出现？中英文定语从句词序有什么区别。
定语从句有两个功能,一个是限制以帮助人们寻找区分出某人或某物。.另一功能是修饰形容.，就象中文里的“伟大的，光荣的，正确的”的抒情描述一样，没有寻找区别功能。我们要在一群女孩里找出一个叫罗勤燕的女孩，那就必须对这群女孩子进行限制，找出罗勤燕的一些个性特征：如：The girl who is ve...

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定语从句
1.为什么会有限制性和非限制性定语从句的出现？中英文定语从句词序有什么区别。
定语从句有两个功能,一个是限制以帮助人们寻找区分出某人或某物。.另一功能是修饰形容.，就象中文里的“伟大的，光荣的，正确的”的抒情描述一样，没有寻找区别功能。我们要在一群女孩里找出一个叫罗勤燕的女孩，那就必须对这群女孩子进行限制，找出罗勤燕的一些个性特征：如：The girl who is very tall is Luo Qinyin。那个又高又漂亮的女孩就是罗勤燕。“又高又漂亮的女孩”就是限制性定语从句，它能帮助人找出罗勤燕。如果“罗勤燕”当先行词，教室里的女孩那么多个，不限制就找不出罗勤燕，罗勤燕只有一个，对“罗勤燕”就不能用限制性，必须用非限制性。非限制只能是补充说明， Luo Qinyin，who is very tall ，is our monitor 。这句话翻译与限制性完全不同:罗勤燕是我们的班长,她很高.”她很高.”是补充说明,要翻译成另一句话,它没有帮助寻找区分的功能.,而限制性定语从句只是一句话..
2.限制性定语从句的特点: 在中文中后置的被修饰限制的名词在英语中都是前置的,放在从句前当先行词.而定语从句又总是紧紧放在先行词后面。这就出现了与中文不一样的词序：主句和从句混在一起,主句的谓语动词与从句的谓语动词可紧紧地凑近混合在一起.
1）The girl who is dancing dances well。
2）The thing that I tasted tastes sweat
3）The girl at whom I looked looks beautiful.
从句的动词与主句的动词紧挨在一起，很容易令学生感到混乱,别扭,很容易出现分不清主句,从句,不懂句子是什么意思的问题。请试翻译以下句子:
1}.”The teacher pointed out that that that that student wrote was in wrong place 。”
2).The person who is brave is afraid to look at my eyes.
I can can the can that is smaller into the can that is bigger 。
3).The house whose windows are big is big .
4)The students who didn’t come didn’t get the money .
5)The boy who is tall is shorter than some classmates in the university in the north.
3．先行词，引导词，从句的主语这三个位置都是考试中惯考的三类难点。有两个技巧我们必须要掌握：1。凡是含有定语从句的复合句，都必须有两个主语，两个谓语动词，如果少一个主语或少一个谓语动词，都是不]正确的句子。象我们这次甲级联赛中都出现这样的错误：The student who is very tall and beautiful .
1）that ,which ,who ,whose，where,when都是考试惯考的引导词。.
a.引导词在当从句宾语时可以省略.但先行词,从句主语却不能省略,这个要注意.
1}______(a. the one b. that c. which d. who) you talked to is talking to us now.
2}I like the book_________(a. you b. that c. the one d. who)talked about .
b. which可以指代前面的整句话，这时which前面总是有个逗号，which在从句中大多当主语，偶尔也有在从句中当宾语的。
1)She tore my photo_____{a，which b. who c. which d. whose} I took in Guangzhou .
2) She tore my photo_____{a，which b. who c. which d. whose} made me angry .
3}I sat on the chair _____{a，which b. who c. which d. whose}legs are broken .
4.在表示地点的名词当先行词时,其后的定语从句中的动词大多数是不及物的,都是用where或介词+which引导从句.只有visit ,build ,buy ,sell ….等及物动词可以用在地点名词后的定语从句中,那时只能用关系代词which, that,当宾语可以省略.
1)The school _____I studied ten years ago becomes more and more beautiful.
2) The school _______I visited ten years ago becomes more and more beautiful.
3)This is the house in _____ I lived many years ago.
4) This is the house_______ I built many years ago .
5)The bookshop ______he works is very large .
6)The bookshop ______ he bought last year is very large .
7)The bookshop ______he bought the book is very large .
5.在表示时间的名词当先行词时, 其后的定语从句中的动词也大多数是不及物的,都是用when或介词+which引导从句,只有spend，remember, forget,等少数几个及物动词词可以用在时间名词引导的定语从句中，它可以带时间名词当宾语，这时从句只能用which ,that引导，当从句宾语时that ,which当宾语可以省略以省略。
1）I’ll never forget the days _______ I lived in Beijing .
2) I’ll never forget the days _______ I spent in Beijing .
3)The time _____ you forget is the day after tomorrow .
4)The time _____you’ll meet me in Beijing is the day after tomorrow .
5)The time _____ you remembered to stop heating the soup is too late .
6)The time _____you remembered is 9:30 .

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用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，