through和by怎么分辨?

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through和by怎么分辨?through和by怎么分辨?through和by怎么分辨?1.by(1)表示方法,手段.即“用.,通过.”相当于bymeansof如:Allworkhadtobedon

through和by怎么分辨?
through和by怎么分辨?

through和by怎么分辨?
1.by
(1)表示方法,手段.即“用.,通过.”相当于by means of 如:
All work had to be done by hand 所有的工作都是手工进行的.
He makes a living by teaching 他以教书为生.
(2)表示传达、传递的方式或煤介.如:
How did you send the letter,by airmail or by ordinary mail?
你是怎么发送的这信,是通过航天邮件还是普通邮件?
(3)表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数,不加冠词.如:
He came by train,but his wife came by bus.他是乘火车来的,可是他老婆是坐公共汽车来的.
注意下面两句的区别:
Did you come by train?=Did you come in his car / on my bike?
“by +抽象名词”构成的词组有:by accident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / by heart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work.
(4)指数量增加或减少到的程度,相差.
We lost the match by one goal 我们仅以一球之差输了比赛.
(5)根据,按照
pay sb by the hour /day/week
Sell sth by the pound /meter/ dozen
sell sth by weight/length
As a rule,domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by the hour 通常,家政服务是按照小时计酬的.
2.through
(1) 表示“以;通过;经由”.如:
He succeeded through hard work.
(2) 空间上通过,透过,经过
Light comes in through the window.光线从窗户进来.
(3) 时间上通过,自始至终,从头到尾经过
He often works through the night 他常常通宵工作.
注意:在表示手段时,by,through有时也可换用.如:
Through / By his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventions.