求一份关于朝鲜与中国关系的英文介绍.

求一份关于朝鲜与中国关系的英文介绍.
求一份关于朝鲜与中国关系的英文介绍.

求一份关于朝鲜与中国关系的英文介绍.
China is North Korea's most important ally,biggest trading partner,and main source of food,arms,and fuel.China has helped sustain Kim Jong-Il's regime and opposed harsh international economic sanctions in the hope of avoiding regime collapse and an uncontrolled influx of refugees across its 800-mile border with North Korea.After Pyongyang tested a nuclear weapon in October 2006,experts say that China has reconsidered the nature of its alliance to include both pressure and inducements.North Korea's second nuclear test in May 2009 further complicated its relationship with China,which has played a central role in the Six-Party Talks,the multilateral framework aimed at denuclearizing North Korea.CFR's Scott Snyder and See-won Byun of the Asia Foundation argue the nuclear tests highlight the tensions (PDF) between China's "emerging role as a global actor with increasing international responsibilities and prestige and a commitment to North Korea as an ally with whom China shares longstanding historical and ideological ties." Beijing continues to have more leverage over Pyongyang than any other nation,say some analysts.The economic leverage in particular,some point out,has only grown as a result of North Korea's declining relations with South Korea and the international community.But most experts agree that Beijing is unlikely to exercise its leverage given its concerns regarding regional stability and the uncertainty surrounding regime succession in North Korea.
China has supported North Korea ever since Chinese fighters flooded onto the Korean peninsula to fight for their comrades in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) in 1950.Since the Korean War divided the peninsula between the North and South,China has lent political and economic backing to North Korea's leaders:Kim Il Sung and his son and successor,Kim Jong-Il.
In recent years,China has been one of the authoritarian regime's few allies.But this long-standing relationship suffered a strain when Pyongyang tested a nuclear weapon in October 2006 and China agreed to UN Security Council Resolution 1718,which imposed sanctions on Pyongyang.By signing off on this resolution--as well as earlier UN sanctions that followed the DPRK's July 2006 missile tests--Beijing departed from its traditional relationship with North Korea,changing from a tone of diplomacy to one of punishment.China also agreed to stricter sanctions after Pyongyang's second nuclear test in May 2009.Alan Romberg,a former U.S.State Department official with the Henry L.Stimson Center in Washington told TIME,"Pyongyang has spit in the [People's Republic of China's] eye." Jonathan D.Pollack,an East Asia expert at the Naval War College,described the DPRK's 2006 tests also as "jarring" to China's diplomatic effort to compel North Korea to the Six-Party Talks.He says Kim Jong-Il was effectively telling Beijing,"You cannot tell us what to do and we cannot be taken for granted." Despite their long alliance,experts say Beijing does not control Pyongyang."In general,Americans tend to overestimate the influence China has over North Korea," says Daniel Pinkston,a Northeast Asia expert at the International Crisis Group.
At the same time,China has too much at stake in North Korea to halt or withdraw its support entirely."The idea that the Chinese would turn their backs on the North Koreans is clearly wrong," says CFR Senior Fellow Adam Segal.Beijing only agreed to UN Resolution 1718 after revisions that removed requirements for tough economic sanctions beyond those targeting luxury goods,and China's trade with North Korea has continued to increase.Bilateral trade between China and North Korea reached $2.79 billion in 2008,up 41.3 percent compared to 2007.The Chinese are "doing just what they have to do and no more" in terms of punishing North Korea,says Selig S.Harrison,Asia program director at the Center for International Policy.He says the countries will not jeopardize their mutually beneficial economic relationship.The economic effect of UN Resolution 1874,passed after the second nuclear test in 2009,is also not likely to be great unless China cooperates extensively and goes beyond the requirements of the resolution,says a July 2009 report (PDF) from the U.S.Congressional Research Service.