芘是一种什么物质它属于芳香族吗?跟苯是嘛关系?

芘是一种什么物质它属于芳香族吗?跟苯是嘛关系?
芘是一种什么物质
它属于芳香族吗?跟苯是嘛关系?

芘是一种什么物质它属于芳香族吗?跟苯是嘛关系?
芘（pyrene, 读音bǐ, Unicode代码8298）是一种四环多环芳香烃类,分子式为C16H10,分子量202.26.
目录 [隐藏]
1 物理性质
2 化学性质
3 制备
4 用途

[编辑] 物理性质
外观为淡黄色棱状晶体.熔点151.2℃,沸点404℃,密度1.271g/cm3(23℃).不溶于水,溶于乙醇和乙醚.
[编辑] 化学性质
可以发生卤化、硝化、磺化等取代反应,也可以发生氧化反应.
[编辑] 制备
由煤焦油得蒽油馏分中分离而得.
[编辑] 用途
用于制造合成树脂、染料等.可形成具有荧光性的激发二聚体.
概述
名称：芘;苾;嵌二萘;Pyrene
CAS No.： 129-00-0
国标编码：-------
分子式：C16H10
分子量：202.26
结构：见图
衍生物（相关物质）：萘 菲 苯 苯并芘 茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘 芘醌
[编辑本段]基本性质
性状：淡黄色单斜晶体（纯品为无色）,具有芳香性
溶解情况：不溶于水,易溶于乙醇、乙醚、二硫化碳、苯和甲苯、四氢呋喃等有机溶剂.
熔点：150℃（另有资料称156,145-151℃）
沸点：393.5℃
相对密度：1.271（22/4℃）
闪点：210℃
稳定性：稳定
化学性质：可燃,可进行亲电取代,如卤化、硝化、磺化等反应,通常发生在3位.可被氧化成芘醌,控制氧化剂的量能使芘氧化产生不同的羰基数目.有很强的荧光,在丙酮中、量子产率可达0.99.芘的晶体加电压可发光,最初用于电致发光研究.可聚合,得到导电的聚芘.
燃爆危险： 本品可燃.
危险特性： 遇明火、高热可燃.受高热分解放出有毒的气体.
[编辑本段]制取或来源
芘主要存在于煤焦油沥青的蒸馏物中.将中温沥青减压蒸馏,同时向蒸馏釜通入少量直接过热蒸汽,切取芘的窄馏分,然后用溶剂油和乙醇混合溶液,或苯和溶剂油的混合溶液重结晶,即得到纯度95%的工业芘.
可比蒽油分出.
[编辑本段]用途
可直接氧化成芘醌.
有机合成原料,经氧化可制取1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸,用于染料、合成树脂、分散性染料和工程塑料；酰化后可制还原染料艳橙GR及其他多种染料.还可制杀虫剂、增塑剂等.
[编辑本段]对环境的影响
一、健康危害
侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收.
健康危害:未见急性中毒报道.长期接触3～5mg/m3,可见头痛、乏力、睡眠不佳、易兴奋、食欲减退、白细胞增加,血沉增速等.低于0.1mg/m3,未见不良影响.
二、毒理学资料及环境行为
毒性:属低毒类.
急性毒性:LD502750mg/kg(大鼠经口);800mg/kg(小鼠经口);LC50170mg/m3(大鼠吸入)
亚急性和慢性毒性:大鼠吸入3.6mg/m3×4月血色素、红细胞减少,淋巴细胞减少,白细胞增加,肝糖原增加,镜见蛋白尿;人慢性吸入车间浓度3～5mg/m3有头痛、乏力、睡眠不良,易兴奋,食欲减退,白细胞增加,血沉增快;人慢性吸入车间浓度0.1mg/m3无不良影响.
危险特性:遇明火、高热可燃.受高热分解放出有毒气体.
燃烧(分解)产物:一氧化碳、二氧化碳、成分未知的黑色烟雾.
3.现场应急监测方法
（暂缺资料）
4.实验室监测方法
高效液相色谱法《城市和工业废水中有机化合物分析》王克欧等译
气相色谱法《固体废弃物试验分析评价手册》中国环境监测总站等译
5.环境标准
前苏联车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度0.03mg/m3 (皮)
6.应急处理处置方法
一、泄漏应急处理
切断火源.戴好防毒面具,穿化学防护服.收集运到空旷处焚烧.如大量泄漏,收集回收或无害处理后废弃.
二、防护措施
呼吸系统防护:一般不需特殊防护,但建议特殊情况下,佩带防毒面具.
眼睛防护:可采用安全面罩.
防护服:穿工作服.
手防护:必要时戴防化学品手套.
其它:工作后,淋浴更衣.避免长期反复接触.
三、急救措施
皮肤接触:脱去污染的衣着,用肥皂水及清水彻底冲洗.
眼睛接触:立即翻开上下眼睑,用流动清水冲洗15分钟.就医.
吸入:脱离现场至空气新鲜处.
食入:误服者给饮足量温水,催吐,就医.
灭火方法:泡沫、二氧化碳、干粉、1211灭火剂、砂土.用水可引起沸溅.
Pyrene
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For other uses, see Pyrene (disambiguation).
Pyrene


IUPAC name [show]
pyrene
Other names benzo(d,e,f)phenanthrene
Identifiers
CAS number 129-00-0 Y
RTECS number UR2450000
SMILES [show]
C12=CC=C3C=CC=C4
C=CC(C2=C34)=CC=C1
Properties
Molecular formula C16H10
Molar mass 202.25 g/mol
Appearance colorless solid
(yellow impurities are often found at trace levels in many samples).

Density 1.271 g/ml
Melting point 145-148 °C (418-421 K)

Boiling point 404 °C (677 K)

Solubility in water 0.135 mg/l
Hazards
MSDS External MSDS
R-phrases 36/37/38-45-53
S-phrases 24/25-26-36
NFPA 704 120
Flash point non-flammable
Related compounds
Related PAHs benzopyrene
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic
data Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data UV, IR, NMR, MS
Y (what is this?) (verify)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references
Pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. This colourless solid is the smallest peri-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon - one where the rings are fused through more than one face. Pyrene forms during incomplete combustion of organic compounds.
Contents [hide]
1 Occurrence and reactivity
2 Applications
3 Safety
4 References
5 External links

[edit] Occurrence and reactivity
Pyrene was first isolated from coal tar where it occurs up to 2% by weight. As a peri-fused PAH, pyrene is much more resonance stabilized than its five-member-ring containing isomer fluoranthene. Thus, it is produced in a wide range of combustion conditions. For example, automobiles produce about 1 μg/km.[1]
Oxidation with chromate affords perinaphthenone and then naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid. It undergoes a series of hydrogenation reactions, and is susceptible to halogenation, Diels-Alder additions, and nitration, all with varying degrees of selectivity.[1]
[edit] Applications
Pyrene and its derivatives are used commercially to make dyes and dye precursors, for example pyranine and naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid. Its derivatives are also valuable molecular probes via fluorescence spectroscopy, having a high quantum yield and lifetime (0.65 and 410 nanosecond, respectively, in ethanol at 293K). Its fluorescence emission spectrum is very sensitive to the solvent's polarity, so pyrene has been used as a probe to determine solvent environments. This is due to its excited state having a different, non-planar structure than the ground state. Certain emission bands are unaffected, but others vary in intensity due to the strength of interaction with a solvent.
[edit] Safety
Although it is not as problematic as benzopyrene, animal studies have shown pyrene is toxic to the kidneys and the liver.