英语翻译Standard Terg-O-Tometer (U.S.Testing Co.,Hoboken,New Test cloths:Four 3" x 3" WFK-10C clay soil cotton test cloths (from Testfabrics Inc.,Middlesex,New Jersey) per 1000 ml wash-solution.Water hardness (2Ca++/1Mg++):2x10-3M; pH=ll.0; deter

英语翻译Standard Terg-O-Tometer (U.S.Testing Co.,Hoboken,New Test cloths:Four 3" x 3" WFK-10C clay soil cotton test cloths (from Testfabrics Inc.,Middlesex,New Jersey) per 1000 ml wash-solution.Water hardness (2Ca++/1Mg++):2x10-3M; pH=ll.0; deter
英语翻译
Standard Terg-O-Tometer (U.S.Testing Co.,Hoboken,New Test cloths:Four 3" x 3" WFK-10C clay soil cotton test cloths (from Testfabrics Inc.,Middlesex,New Jersey) per 1000 ml wash-solution.Water hardness (2Ca++/1Mg++):2x10-3M; pH=ll.0; detergent dosage=0.2%; wash/rinse temperature:50 C; 10-min wash plus two 5-min rinses.Agitation:90 rpm; drying in an oven with forced air circulation for 30 min at 60 C.Reflectance measurements made using Photovolt Reflectometer,Model 670,Green filter.Percent detergency values were calculated using the fol-
lowing equation reported by Lambert and Sanders (15):% detergency = [(Rw-Rs)/(Ro-Rs)] x 100,where R o represents the reflectance measured on clean,untreated cotton fabric,Rs on soiled cloth and Rw on washed cloth.
RESU LTS AND DISCUSSION
Adsorption Isotherm
The adsorption isotherms for sodium polyacrylate (Mw =50,000) on model particulate-soils are shown in Figure 1.The dashed line (curve 5) in this figure represents the data for sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP),at 30 C and pH 7.0,taken from the work of Lyons (16).The monolayer surfacecoverage values read from the plateau portion of the adsorption isotherms for kaolin clay are 2.36 and 0.36 mg per g kaolin clay for sodium polyacrylate and sodium tripolyphosphate,respectively.The initial slopes of curves 2 and 5 indicate that these monolayer surface-coverage limits are reached at significantly lower equilibrium solute concentration in solution for sodium polyacrylate,as compared to STPP.The adsorption isotherms for the lower molecular weight (Mw=2000 and 5000) sodium polyacrylate,reported separately (10),also indicate that they are strongly adsorbed on model particulate-soils at very low equilibrium solute concentrations in solution.
Particulate Soil Dispersancy
Figure 2 illustrates the deagglomerating or peptization property of polyacrylate in the case of iron oxide used here as the model particulate soil.Similar work (not shown here) on other particulate soil materials and polyacrylates with Mw=2100 to 240,000,lead us to conclude that polyacrylates possess the ability to break down large-sized (50-100/lm) soil agglomerates to sub-micrometer (< 1/~m) size dispersions at relatively low levels of use concentrations (for example,20 mg1-1 ).
Figure 3 illustrates the results from sedimentation-pipet tests on median particle sizes of typical laundry soil particulates,both in the presence and the absence of polyacrylates.The median sizes (40-120m/1) of the initially agglomerated particulate soils are seen to shift downward to much lower values (< 10/am) in the presence of sodium polyacrylate.
Lime-Soap Dispersancy

英语翻译Standard Terg-O-Tometer (U.S.Testing Co.,Hoboken,New Test cloths:Four 3" x 3" WFK-10C clay soil cotton test cloths (from Testfabrics Inc.,Middlesex,New Jersey) per 1000 ml wash-solution.Water hardness (2Ca++/1Mg++):2x10-3M; pH=ll.0; deter
Terg-O-Tometer(美国标准测试有限公司新测试霍波肯布:四3 " x 3”WFK-10C粘土棉花试验(从Testfabrics布有限公司,位于新泽西每1000毫升wash-solution).水的硬度(2钙+ + / - 1毫克+ +):2 x10-3M;;洗涤剂用量ll.0 pH = = 0.2%;洗净/冲洗温度:50 C;10-min洗加两5-min冲洗液.鼓动工作:90转/分钟;干燥在烤箱和强迫空气循环在30分钟内反射测量60 c使用Reflectometer Photovolt,型号670,绿色的过滤器.计算值的清净使用fol -
报告降低方程兰伯特和桑德斯(15):% =[(Rw-Rs清净)/(Ro-Rs)]×100,在阿反射率测量R代表在干净、未经处理的棉布、Rs在布、读写在洗脏衣服.
LTS挠度和讨论
吸附等温
静态吸附等温线控钠吸附(Mw = 50000)对模型particulate-soils如图1.曲线的虚线(5)在这个图代表数据(STPP)三聚磷酸钠30 C和pH值7.0,来自里昂的工作(16).研究单层surfacecoverage价值观读取青藏高原的部分为高岭土粘土吸附静态吸附等温线分别为2.36,0.36毫克/ g高岭土粘土钠钠分别控粘结.最初的山坡上的曲线第2款和第5单层surface-coverage指出,这些极限平衡达到显著降低钠溶液中溶质浓度,比较STPP控.静态吸附等温线的吸附低分子量(Mw = 2000和5000年)报道,钠单独控(10),同时也表明了他们强烈吸附模型particulate-soils溶质在极低的浓度平衡的解决方案.
土壤颗粒分散性
图2说明了deagglomerating或peptization控性能的情况下使用在铁的氧化物颗粒土壤模型.这里没有给出类似工作(在其它颗粒土壤物质与丙烯酸微波= 2100年到240000年,带领我们得出这样的结论:丙烯酸有能力打破(50-100 / lm)大型土壤对sub-micrometer凝聚(< 1 / - m)尺寸分散在相对较低的使用浓度(例如,20 mg1-1).
图3所示sedimentation-pipet测试结果平均粒径颗粒物典型土壤,不论是在衣服的存在和丙烯酸缺席的情况下.平均尺寸(40 - 120米/ 1)最初的土壤是看到当地颗粒转变下较低的值(< 10 / am)存在的情况下两钠.
分散性Lime-Soap