比较级与最高级的句式结构并举例(初二可以理解的)

比较级与最高级的句式结构并举例(初二可以理解的)
比较级与最高级的句式结构并举例(初二可以理解的)

比较级与最高级的句式结构并举例(初二可以理解的)
例句
I am the tallest in our class.
我是咱们班里个子最高的.
表示在某一场所中最...,和in引导的介系词片语连用.
My movements are the most graceful of us three.
三个人中我的动作是最优雅的.
表示在不少于三者的同类中“最...”,和of或among引导的介系词片语连用.
Racing is the most interesting sport I've ever known.
赛跑是我知道的最有趣的运动.
表示在已有的经验中“最...”,子句表示比较范围.
You are always my fondest star.
你永远是我最喜欢的明星.
用代名词的所有格表示比较范围.
最高级的用法
①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“ the十最高级”的结构表示．这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语．例如：
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three．
He works (the) hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及 much,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really,nothing like等词语所修饰. 例如： This hat is by far／much／nearly／almost／not nearly／by no means/not quite／nothing like the biggest． How much did the second most expensive hat coat?
③表示“最高程度”的形容词,如 excellent,extreme,perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级．
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略．
He is the tallest(boy) in his class．
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词．例如
0f all the boys he came(the) earliest．
形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the,而以下几种情况一般不需要加定冠词the:
1.形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等限定词修饰时,最高级前不用the.如:
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河.
2.形容词最高级在句中作表语而比较范围又不明确时,最高级前不用the.如:
They are happiest on Saturdays.他们在星期六最快乐.
3.如果两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词最高级前不加the.如:
He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class.他是班上年龄最小、个子最高的男孩.
4.如果形容词最高级用来加强语气,作"十分;非常"之意时,前面不加the.但形容词最高级作单数名词的定语时,可用不定冠词a/an.如:
That book is most interesting.那本书非常有趣.
5.作宾语补足语的形容词最高级前不加the.如:
I found it most difficult to get to sleep.我发现入睡最难.
6.在一些固定用法中,最高级前通常省略the.如:
With best wishes for you.向你致以最美好的祝愿.
比较级
◎比较级
[汉语拼音]bǐjiàojí
[英文]comparative degree
[解释]在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词:在形容词或副词前加more(如 more natural,more clearly ),或加后缀 -er(newer,sooner ).典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加
A. “比较级+ and +比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”.
It is getting cooler and cooler.
天气越来越凉爽.
The wind became more and more heavily.
风变得越来越大.
B. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”.
The more money you make, the more you spend.
钱你赚得越多,花得越多.
The sooner,the better. 越快越好.
C. 表示倍数的比较级用法：
a. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.
The new building is three times the height of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍.(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)
b. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
c. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.
Our school is twice bigger than yours.
我们学校比你们学校大两倍.
大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别.原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种.
1) 规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级.
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词 tall(高的) taller tallest
末尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest
以不发音的e结尾和以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st
nice(好的) nicer nicest ,able（有能力的) abler ablest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est
big(大的) bigger biggest
hot热的) hotter hottest
"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词改y为i,再加
-er,-est easy(容易的)
easier easiest ,busy(忙的) busier busiest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est
clever(聪明的) cleverer cleverest
narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest
其他双音节词和 important(重要的)
多音节词,在前 more important
面加more,most most important
来构成比较级和 easily(容易地)
最高级. more easily
most easily
2) 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good(好的)/ better best
well(健康的)
bad (坏的)/ worse worst
ill(有病的)
old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many(多的) more most
little(少的) less least
far (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest
比较级形容词或副词 + than
You are taller than I.
They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.
注意：
1）要避免重复使用比较级.
(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(对) He is more clever than his brother.
(对) He is cleverer than his brother.
2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中.
(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
3）要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则.
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4）要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词.
比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
可修饰比较级的词
1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等
2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语.
3）以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面.
典型例题:
1） ---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes,I'm fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good
D. quite better
答案：B. any 可修饰比较级,quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better.
2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much
D. more much
答案：C. much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案.
3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
答案：D.
比较级和最高级一般都要一起讲吧
the + 最高级 + 比较范围
1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.
形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常".
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内.
(错) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(对) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2) 下列词可修饰最高级,by far, far, much, mostly, almost
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意：
a. very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同.
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级.
Africa is the second largest continent.
3) 句型转换：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.
4) "否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义.
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.