谁有短篇成语故事?,谢谢要短的.200字左右.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢
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谁有短篇成语故事?,谢谢要短的.200字左右.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢
谁有短篇成语故事?,谢谢
要短的.200字左右.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢
谁有短篇成语故事?,谢谢要短的.200字左右.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢.谢谢
洛阳纸贵 luò yáng zhǐ guì
晋代文学家左思,小时候是个非常顽皮、不爱读书的孩子.父亲经常为这事发脾气,可是小左思仍然淘气得很,不肯好好学习.
有一天,左思的父亲与朋友们聊天,朋友们羡慕他有个聪明可爱的儿子.左思的父亲叹口气说:“快别提他了,小儿左思的学习,还不如我小时候,看来没有多大的出息了.”说着,脸上流露出失望的神色.这一切都被小左思看到听到了,他非常难过,觉得自己不好好念书确实很没出息.于是,暗暗下定决心,一定要刻苦学习.
日复一日,年复一年,左思渐渐长大了,由于他坚持不懈地发奋读书,终于成为一位学识渊博的人,文章也写得非常好.他用一年的时间写成了《齐都赋》,显示出他在文学方面的才华,为他成为杰出的文学家奠定了基础.这以后他又计划以三国时魏、蜀、吴首都的风土、人情、物产为内容,撰写《三都赋》.为了在内容、结构、语言诸方面都达到一定水平,他潜心研究,精心撰写,废寝忘食,用了整整十年,文学巨著《三都赋》终于写成了.
《三都赋》受到谅也评,人们把它和汉代文学杰作《两都赋》相比.由于当时还没有发明印刷术,喜爱《三都赋》的人只能争相抄阅,因为抄写的人太多,京城洛阳的纸张供不应求,一时间全城纸价大幅度上升.
故事出自《晋书·文苑·左思传》.成语“洛阳纸贵”,称颂杰出的作品风行一进.
http://www.59gs.com/chengyugushi/
成语小故事----疑邻盗斧
从前有个乡下人,丢了一把斧子。他以为是邻居家的儿子偷去了,于是处处注意那人的一言一行,一举一动,越看越觉得那人像是盗斧的贼。后来,丢斧子的人找到了斧子,原来是前几天他上山砍柴时,一时疏忽失落在山谷里。找到斧子后,他又碰见了邻居的儿子,再留心看看他,怎么也不像贼了。
疑邻盗斧:不注重事实根据,对人、对事胡乱猜疑。
2.揠苗助长
春秋...
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成语小故事----疑邻盗斧
从前有个乡下人,丢了一把斧子。他以为是邻居家的儿子偷去了,于是处处注意那人的一言一行,一举一动,越看越觉得那人像是盗斧的贼。后来,丢斧子的人找到了斧子,原来是前几天他上山砍柴时,一时疏忽失落在山谷里。找到斧子后,他又碰见了邻居的儿子,再留心看看他,怎么也不像贼了。
疑邻盗斧:不注重事实根据,对人、对事胡乱猜疑。
2.揠苗助长
春秋时期,宋国有一个农夫,他总是嫌田里的庄稼长得太慢,今天去瞧瞧,明天去看看,觉得禾苗好像总没有长高。他心想:有什么办法能使它们长得高些快些呢?
有一天,他来到田里,把禾苗一棵一棵地往上拔。一大片禾苗,一棵一棵地拔真费了不少的力气,等他拔完了禾苗,已经累得筋疲力尽了,可是他心里却很高兴。回到家里还夸口说:“今天可把我累坏了,我帮助禾苗长高了好几寸!”他儿子听了,赶忙跑到田里去看,发现田里的禾苗全都已经枯死了
3.不可救药
周朝有位卿士叫凡伯。凡伯不但有诗才,而且善于治理国事。后来,他在周厉王身边辅佐朝政。可是,周厉王飞横跋扈,枉法断事。奸臣则百般诌媚讨好。凡伯直言相劝,列数朝政弊端,奸臣却在周厉王耳边说他的坏话。周厉王对凡伯十分厌烦,从此,奸臣出入宫廷,不把凡伯放在眼里。凡伯十分愤慨,写了一首诗,后来收入《诗经》。诗中抨击奸臣说:“作恶多端,不可救药!”
“不可救药”:病重到不能用药救活。后比喻事物坏到无法挽救的地步。
4.乘风破浪
古代南北朝的时候,宋国有位将军姓宗名悫,他从小就很勇敢,也很有抱负。有一天,宗悫的叔父问他有什么志向,宗悫回答道:“愿乘长风,破万里浪。”意思是:我一定要突破一切障碍,勇往直前,干一番事业。宗悫经过勤学苦练,努力奋斗,终于成为一位能征善战的将军。
后来,人们就用“乘风破浪”来形容不怕困难,奋勇前进的精神
5.一衣带水
南北朝的时候,北方的北周和南方的陈国以长江为界。
北周的宰相杨坚,废了周静帝,自己当皇帝,建立了隋朝。
他决心要灭掉陈国,曾说:“我是全国老百姓的父母,难道能因为有一条像衣带那样窄的长江隔着,就看着南方百姓受苦而不拯救他们吗?
后来人们就用“一衣带水”来比喻只隔了一条狭窄水域的,靠得非常近的两地。
6.高山流水
春秋时代,有个叫俞伯牙的人,精通音律,琴艺高超,是当时著名的琴师。俞伯牙年轻的时候聪颖好学,曾拜高人为师,琴技达到水平,但他总觉得自己还不能出神入化地表现对各种事物的感受。伯牙的老师知道他的想法后,就带他乘船到东海的蓬莱岛上,让他欣赏大自然的景色,倾听大海的波涛声。伯牙举目眺望,只见波浪汹涌,浪花激溅;海鸟翻飞,鸣声入耳;山林树木,郁郁葱葱,如入仙境一般。一种奇妙的感觉油然而生,耳边仿佛咯起了大自然那和谐动听的音乐。他情不自禁地取琴弹奏,音随意转,把大自然的美妙融进了琴声,伯牙体验到一种前所未有的境界。老师告诉他:“你已经学了。”
一夜伯牙乘船游览。面对清风明月,他思绪万千,于是又弹起琴来,琴声悠扬,渐入佳境。忽听岸上有人叫绝。伯牙闻声走出船来,只见一个樵夫站在岸边,他知道此人是知音当即请樵夫上船,兴致勃勃地为他演奏。伯牙弹起赞美高山的曲调,樵夫说道:“真好!雄伟而庄重,好像高耸入云的泰山一样!”当他弹奏表现奔腾澎湃的波涛时,樵夫又说:“真好!宽广浩荡,好像看见滚滚的流水,无边的大海一般!”伯牙兴奋色了,激动地说:“知音!你真是我的知音。”这个樵夫就是钟子期。从此二人成了非常要好的朋友。
故事出自《列子·汤问》。成语“高山流水”,比喻知己或知音,也比喻音乐优美。
7.一字之师
指改正文章中一个非常关键的字的老师。
该语出自宋代陶岳《五代史补》。
唐朝时期,是我国封建社会发展中一个非常繁荣的时期,文学艺术也很发达,其中以诗最具有代表性。当时,不仅诗人多,创作的诗多,而且在艺术上、内容水平上都很高。
在当时众多的诗人中,有一个诗人叫齐已,某年冬天,他在大雪后的原野上,看到傲雪开放的梅花,诗兴大发,创作了一首《早梅》诗,咏诵在冬天里早开的梅花。诗中有两句这样写道:前村深雪里,昨夜数枝开。写好后,他觉得非常满意。
有一个叫郑谷的人,看到齐已写的这首诗后,认为这首诗的意味未尽。于是,他经过反复思考推敲,将这两句诗改为:前村深雪里,昨夜一枝开。因为他认为既然数枝梅花都开了,就不能算是早梅了。
郑谷的这一改动,虽然只将数字改为一字,只有一字之改,但却使《早梅》更贴切题意了,诗的意境也更完美了。齐已对郑谷的这一改动非常佩服,当时即称郑谷为自己的一字师。
8.专心致志
从前有一个下棋能手名叫秋,他的棋艺非常高超。
秋有两个学生,一起跟他学习下棋,其中一个学生非常专心集中精力跟老师学习。另一个却不这样,他认为学下棋很容易,用不着认真。老师讲解的时候,他虽然坐在那里,眼睛也好像在看着棋子可心里却想着:“要是现在到野外射下一只鸿雁,美餐一顿该多好。”因为他总是胡思乱想心不在焉,老师的讲解一点也没听进去。
结果,虽然两个学生同是一个名师传授,但是,一个进步很快,成了棋艺高强的名手,另一个却没学到一点本事。
回答者:_雯_WEN_ - 见习魔法师 二级 2-25 13:29
按图索骥
孙阳有个儿子,看了父亲写的《相马经》,以为相马很容易,就拿着这本书到处找好马。他按照书上所绘的图形去找,一无所获。又按书中所写的特征去找,最后发现有一只癞蛤蟆很像书中写的千里马的特征,便高兴地把癞蛤蟆带回家,对父亲说:“爸爸,我找到一匹千里马,只是蹄子稍差些。”父亲一看,哭笑不得,没想到儿子竟如此愚笨,便幽默地说:“可惜这马太喜欢跳了,不能用来拉车。”接着感叹道:“所谓按图索骥也。”
南柯一梦
成语释疑: 形容一场大梦,或比喻一场空欢喜。
成语出处: 唐·李公佐《南柯太守传》
成语故事: 淳于棼是唐朝人。有一次,因为他喝醉酒,忍不住在庭院的槐树下休息起来,没想到他因此就睡着了。在梦里,他看到槐安国的国王派人接他到槐安国去,随后把自己心爱的公主嫁给了他,并且派他担任南柯郡的太守。
在这段时间里,淳于棼把南柯治理得很好,国王也很欣赏他。他五个儿子都有爵位,两个女儿也嫁给王侯,所以,他在槐安国的地位非常高。
后来,檀萝国攻打南柯郡,淳于棼的军队输了,接着他的妻子也因重病死了。这一切的不幸,让淳于棼不想在南柯郡继续住下去,就回到京城。可是,在京城里,有人在国王面前说淳于棼的坏话,国王没有查证,就把他的孩子抓起来,还把他送回原来的家乡。一离开槐安国,淳于棼就醒了,才知道原来这是一场梦。
不久,淳于棼发现庭院里的槐树下有一个蚂蚁洞,洞里有泥土推成的宫殿汉城池等等,他才恍然大悟,梦中所见到的槐安国,应该就是这个蚂蚁洞。而槐树的最高的树枝,可能就是他当太守的南柯郡。
淳于棼想起梦里南柯的一切,觉得人世非常无常,所谓的富贵功名实在很容易就消失,于是,他最后就归隐道门了。
故事出自明朝杨慎的《艺林伐山》。成语“按图索骥”,比喻机械地照老办法办事,不知变通;也比喻按照某种线索去寻找事物。(完)
班门弄斧
采石江边一堆土,李白之名高千古;
来来往往一首诗,鲁班门前弄大斧。
这是明朝一个诗人《题李白墓》。李白是举世闻名的唐代大诗人,死后名传千古。多少文人墨客经过李白墓前,都想停留片刻,吟诗抒发内心感受。而他们这种行为只能是附庸风雅,“鲁班门前班门弄斧”,太不自量力了。
鲁班是战国时代的鲁国人。他是一个善于制作精巧器具的能手,人们叫他“巧人”,民间历来把他奉为木匠的始祖。谁敢在鲁班门前卖弄使用斧子的技术,也就是说,想在大行家面前显示自己的本领,这种太不谦虚的可笑行为,就叫做“鲁班门前弄大斧”,简称“班门弄斧”。这和俗语所说的“关公面前耍大刀”的意思差不多。
其实,“班门弄斧”这句成语早在唐朝就有它的雏形了。文学家柳宗元在一篇序文中就有这样一句:“操斧于班郢之门,斯颜耳!”意思是说,在鲁班和郢人(也是一个操斧能手)的门前表现用斧子的本事,脸皮也太厚了。
这句成语有时也用作自谦之词,表示自己不敢在行家面前卖弄自己的小本领。
杯弓蛇影
有一天,乐广请他的朋友在家里大厅中喝酒。那个朋友在喝酒的时候,突然看见自己的酒杯里,有一条小蛇的影子在晃动,他心里很厌恶,可还是把酒喝了下去。喝了之后,心里到底不自在,放心不下。回到家中就生起病来。
隔了几天,乐广听到那个朋友生病的消息,了解了他得病的原因。乐广心里想:“酒杯里绝对不会有蛇的!”于是,他就跑到那天喝酒的地方去察看。原来,在大厅墙上,挂有一把漆了彩色的弓。那把弓的影子,恰巧映落在那朋友放过酒杯的地方,乐广就跑到那个朋友那里去,把这事解释给他听。这人明白了原因以后,病就立刻好了。
后来人们就用“杯弓蛇影”比喻疑神疑鬼,自相惊扰。
伯乐相马
传说天上管理马匹的神仙叫伯乐。在人间,人们把精于鉴别马匹优劣的人也称为伯乐。
第一个被称作伯乐的人本名孙阳,他是春秋时代的人。由于他对马的研究非常出色,人们便忘记了他本来的名字,干脆称他为伯乐,一直到现在。
一次,伯乐受楚王的委托,购买能日行千里的骏马。伯乐向楚王说明,千里马少有,找起来不容易,需要到各地巡访,请楚王不必着急,他尽力将事情办好。
伯乐跑了好几个国家,仔细寻访盛产名马的燕赵一带,辛苦倍至,但还是没发现中意的良马。一天,伯乐从齐国返回,在路上,看到一匹马拉着盐车,很吃力地在陡坡上行进。马累得呼呼喘气,每迈一步都十分艰难。伯乐对马向来亲近,不由走到跟前。马见伯乐走近,突然昂起头来瞪大眼睛,大声嘶鸣,好像要对伯乐倾诉什么。伯乐立刻从声音中判断出,这是一匹难得的骏马。
不可多得
东汉末年,有个名士祢衡,才华出众。当时,太中大夫孔融对他特别赏识,把他推荐给汉献帝。他写道:“帝室皇居,必蓄非常之宝。若衡等辈,不可多得。”
汉献帝不敢作主,把孔融的荐表交给曹操。曹操爱才,就召见祢衡。哪知祢衡蔑视曹操,对他很不礼貌。曹操就派祢衡当鼓吏,在大宴宾客时,命他击鼓助兴。谁知祢衡一边击鼓,一边大骂曹操,使曹操十分难堪。曹操派祢衡去荆州劝降刘表,想借刘表之手杀他。想不到刘表把祢衡当作上宾,每次议事或发布文告,都得由祢衡表态。后来祢衡又对刘表不恭。刘表就派他到部将黄祖那里当书记。祢衡恃才傲慢,非常狂妄,后来,终于被黄祖所杀。
成语“不可多得”由此而来,形容非常稀少、非常难得。多用于赞扬有才能的人
不可救药
周朝有位卿士叫凡伯。凡伯不但有诗才,而且善于治理国事。后来,他在周厉王身边辅佐朝政。可是,周厉王飞横跋扈,枉法断事。奸臣则百般诌媚讨好。凡伯直言相劝,列数朝政弊端,奸臣却在周厉王耳边说他的坏话。周厉王对凡伯十分厌烦,从此,奸臣出入宫廷,不把凡伯放在眼里。凡伯十分愤慨,写了一首诗,后来收入《诗经》。诗中抨击奸臣说:“作恶多端,不可救药!”
“不可救药”:病重到不能用药救活。后比喻事物坏到无法挽救的地步。
不学无术
汉武帝在位的时候,大将军霍光是朝廷举足轻重的大臣,深得武帝信任。武帝监死前,把幼子刘弗陵(昭帝)托付给霍光辅佐。昭帝去世后,霍光立刘询做皇帝(宣帝)。霍光掌握朝政大权四十多年,为西汉王朝立下了不小的功勋。
刘询继承皇位以后,立许妃做皇后。霍光的妻子霍显是个贪图富贵的女人,她想把自己的小女儿成君嫁给刘询做皇后,就乘许娘娘有病的机会,买通女医下毒害死了许后。毒计败露,女医下狱。此事霍光事先一点也不知道,等事情出来了,霍显才告诉他。霍光非常惊惧,指责妻子不该办这种事情。他也想去告发,但又不忍心妻子被治罪,前思后想,还是把这件伤天害理的事情隐瞒下来了。霍光死后,有人向宣帝告发此案,宣帝派人去调查处理。霍光的妻子听说了,与家人、亲信商量对策,决定召集族人策划谋反,不想走漏了风声,宣帝派兵将霍家包围,满门抄斩。
东汉史学家班固在《汉书霍光传》中评论霍光的功过,说他“不学无术,暗于大理”,意思是霍光不读书,没学识,因而不明关乎大局的道理。成语“不学无术”,指没有学问,没有本领
才高八斗
南朝谢灵运,是一位写了大量山水诗的文学家。他聪明好学,读过许多书,从小受到祖父谢玄的厚爱。
他出身于东晋大士族,因他袭封康乐公的爵位,世人称他“谢康乐”。他身为公侯,却并无实权,被派往永嘉任太守。谢灵运自叹怀才不遇,常常丢下公务不管,却去游山玩水。后来,他辞官移居会稽,常常与友人酗酒作乐。当地太守派人劝他节制一些,却被他怒斥了一顿。可是,谢灵运写的山水诗,却深受人们的喜爱。他每写出一首新诗,立刻就会被人争相抄录,很快流传开去。
宋文帝接位后,将他召回京城做官,把他的诗作和书法赞为“两宝”。谢灵运更加骄傲了,他说:“天下才有一石,曹子建独占八斗,我得一斗,天下共分一斗。”
成语“才高八斗”由此而来,形容人的文才极高。
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我也有
坐井观天
一只青蛙坐在井里,一只小鸟飞来,落在井沿上。
青蛙问小鸟:“你从哪儿飞来呀?”
小鸟回答说:“我从远处飞来。我在天空中飞了一百多里,口渴了,下来找点水喝。”
青蛙说:“朋友,别说大话了!天不过井口那么大,还用飞那么远吗?”
小鸟说:“你弄错了,天无边无际,大得很哪!”
青蛙笑了,说:“朋友,我天天坐在井里,一抬头就看见天。我不会...
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坐井观天
一只青蛙坐在井里,一只小鸟飞来,落在井沿上。
青蛙问小鸟:“你从哪儿飞来呀?”
小鸟回答说:“我从远处飞来。我在天空中飞了一百多里,口渴了,下来找点水喝。”
青蛙说:“朋友,别说大话了!天不过井口那么大,还用飞那么远吗?”
小鸟说:“你弄错了,天无边无际,大得很哪!”
青蛙笑了,说:“朋友,我天天坐在井里,一抬头就看见天。我不会弄错的。”
小鸟也笑了,说:“朋友,你是弄错了。不相信,你跳出井口来看一看吧。”
这个“坐井观天”的成语故事家喻户晓,通常用来比喻某人的见识有限,眼光短浅;但是我认为这则故事在强调现在人们应该开阔思维、眼界放开的同时,却忽视了其他值得关注的因素和信息,当我们再对这则成语故事分析后,会有更深刻和实际的启示。
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病入膏肓
战国时,晋国的国君晋景公得了一场重病。于是,决定去请秦国名医秦缓。一天夜里,晋景公做了一个梦。他梦见两个人在说:“秦缓就是再厉害,只要我们分别住在膏的下面和肓的上面,他也会拿我们没辙。”
过了几天,秦缓来到晋国,经过检查之后,秦缓说:“大王已经病入膏肓,无药可救了。”
果然,过了几天,晋景公就去世了。
[开卷有益]神医秦缓医术精确,...
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病入膏肓
战国时,晋国的国君晋景公得了一场重病。于是,决定去请秦国名医秦缓。一天夜里,晋景公做了一个梦。他梦见两个人在说:“秦缓就是再厉害,只要我们分别住在膏的下面和肓的上面,他也会拿我们没辙。”
过了几天,秦缓来到晋国,经过检查之后,秦缓说:“大王已经病入膏肓,无药可救了。”
果然,过了几天,晋景公就去世了。
[开卷有益]神医秦缓医术精确,这与他长期积累的丰富经验是分不开的。
病入膏肓:比喻严重到了不可挽救的地步。
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退避三舍 tuì bì sān shě
English
春秋时候,晋献公听信谗言,杀了太子申生,又派人捉拿申生的弟弟重耳。重耳闻讯,逃出了晋国,在外流忘十几年。
经过千幸万苦,重耳来到楚国。楚成王认为重耳日后必有大作为,就以国群之礼相迎,待他如上宾。
一天,楚王设宴招待重耳,两人饮洒叙话,气氛十分融洽。忽然楚王问重耳:“你若有一天回晋国当...
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退避三舍 tuì bì sān shě
English
春秋时候,晋献公听信谗言,杀了太子申生,又派人捉拿申生的弟弟重耳。重耳闻讯,逃出了晋国,在外流忘十几年。
经过千幸万苦,重耳来到楚国。楚成王认为重耳日后必有大作为,就以国群之礼相迎,待他如上宾。
一天,楚王设宴招待重耳,两人饮洒叙话,气氛十分融洽。忽然楚王问重耳:“你若有一天回晋国当上国君,该怎么报答我呢?”重耳略一思索说:“美女待从、珍宝丝绸,大王您有的是,珍禽羽毛,象牙兽皮,更是楚地的盛产,晋国哪有什么珍奇物品献给大王呢?”楚王说:“公子过谦了。话虽然这么说,可总该对我有所表示吧?”重耳笑笑回答道:“要是托您的福。果真能回国当政的话,我愿与贵国友好。假如有一天,晋楚国之间发生战争,我一定命令军队先退避三舍(一舍等于三十里),如果还不能得到您的原谅,我再与您交战。”
四年后,重耳真的回到晋国当了国君,就是历史上有名的晋文公。晋国在他的治理下日益强大。
公元前633年,楚国和晋国的军队在作战时相遇。晋文公为了实现他许下的诺言,下令军队后退九十里,驻扎在城濮。楚军见晋军后退,以为对方害怕了,马上追击。晋军利用楚军骄傲轻敌的弱点,集中兵力,大破楚军,取得了城濮之战的胜利。
故事出自《左传·僖公二十二年》。成语“退避三舍”比喻不与人相争或主动让步。
Retreating about Thirty Miles as Condition For Peace
During the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 B.C.), Duke Xian of the State of Jin Killed the crown prince Sheng because he had heard slanders about Sheng and believed them. He also sent his men to arrest Chong Er, Shen Sheng and believed them. He also sent his men to arrest Chonh Er, Shen Sheng's brother. Hearing the news, Chong Er escaped from the state of Jin, remaining a fugitive for more than ten years.
After innumerable hardships, Chong Er arrived at the State of Chu at last. King Cheng of the State of Chu treated him with high respect as he would have treated the ruler of a state, believing that he would have a vright fuure.
One day, King Cheng of the State of Chu gave a banquet in honoudr of Chong Er. Suddenly, amid the harmonious atmosphere of drinking and talking, King Cheng of the State of Chu asked Chong Er. "How will you repay me when you return to the State of Jin and become its ruler one day?" After thinking for a moment, Chong Er said, "You have plenty of beauties and attendants as well as jewelry and silk cloth, and the state of Chu abounds in rare brides and animals. What treasure can the State of Jin boast having to present to your majesty?" King Cheng of the State of Chu said, "You are too modest. Nevertheless, you still have to show your gratitude to me in one way or another, I presume?" Smiling, Chong Er answered, "If I should be fortunate enouge to return to the State of Jin and become its ruler, the State of Jin would be friendly to the State of Chu. If, one day, there should be a war between the two states, I would definitely order my troops to retreat three SHE (one SHE is equivalent to thirty LI. The LI is a Chinese unit of length equivalent to 1/2 kilometre. And, therefore, three SHE is about thirty miles.) as a condition for peace. If, under that condition, you were still not reconciled, I would have to fight with you."
Four years later, as might be expected, Chong Er returned to the State of Jin and became its ruler. He was none other than Duke Wen of the State of Jin famous in ancient Chinese history. Ruled by him, the State of Jin became increasingly powerful.
In the year 533 B.C., the Chu troops and the Jin troops confronted each other in a battle. Faithful to his promise, Duke Wen of the State of Jin ordered his troops to retreat about thirty miles. After retreating, the Jin troops were stationed at Chengpu. Seeing that the Jin troops were retreating, the Chu troops thought that the enemy troops were afraid, and began chasing them. Taking advantage of the Chu troops' arrogance and their talking the Jin troops lightly, the Jin troops concentrated their forces and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Chu troops, thus winning the victory of the battle of Chengpu.
This set phrase, "retreating about thirty miles as a condition for peace," is derived from the Chapter "The Twenty-second Year of Duke Xi" in ZuoZhuan, the famous commentary by Zuo Qiuming on The spring and Autumn Annals. The idea of this set phrase is to give way to somebody in order to avoid a conflict.
望洋兴叹
English
相传很久很久以前,黄河里有一位河神,人们叫他河伯。何伯站在黄河岸上。望着滚滚的浪涛由西而来,又奔腾跳跃向东流去,兴奋地说;“黄河真大呀,世上没有哪条河能和它相比。我就是最大的水神啊!”
有人告诉他:“你的话不对,在黄河的东面有个地方叫北海,那才真叫大呢。”
河伯说:“我不信,北海再大,能大得过黄河吗?”
那人说:“别说一条黄河,就是几条黄河的水流进北海,也装不满它。”
河伯固执地说:“我没见过北海,我不信。”
那人无可奈何,告诉他:“有机会你去看看北海,就明白我的话了。”
秋天到了,连日的暴雨使大大小小的河流都注入黄河,黄河的河面更加宽阔了,隔河望去,对岸的牛马都分不清。这一下,河伯更得意了,以为天下最壮观的景色都在自己这里,他在自得之余,想起了有人跟他提起的北海,于是决定去那里看看。
河伯顺流来到黄河的入海口,,突然眼前一亮,海神北海若正笑容满面地欢迎他的到来,河伯放眼望去,只见北海汪洋一片,无边无涯,他呆呆地看了一会儿,深有感触地对北海若说:“俗话说,只懂得一些道理就以为谁都比不上自己,这话说的就是我呀。今天要不是我亲眼见到这浩瀚无边的北海,我还会以为黄河是天下无比的呢!那样,岂不被有见识的人永远笑主。”
故事见于《庄子·秋水》。成语“望洋兴叹”,比喻要做某事而力量不够,感到无可奈何。
Lamenting One's Littleness before the Vast Ocean
Tradition has it that many,many years ago,there lived on the Yellow River a river god known as He Bo.One day ,He Bo stood on the riverbank and watched the turbulent waves from the west surging forward to the east.He said both excitedly and conceitedly:"How big the Yellow River is !No other river on earth can compare with it.And therefore I am the greatest river god."
One man said to him,"You are wrong.There is a place to the east of the Yellow Rivers called the North Sea.The North Sea is really big."He Bo said,"I don't believe it .Big as the North Sea is, can it be bigger than Yellow River?"The man said,"Should the water of several Yellow River flow into the North sea,it could not fill the North Sea,let alone one Yellow River. "
He Bo said obstinately,"I don't believe it,for I have never been to the North Sea."
Having no alternative,the man said,"You will not be able to" understand what I mean until you have a chance to see the North Sea for yourself."
Winter came,and torrential rain had been falling for days on end.Rivers big and small emptied themselves into the Yellow River,making the Yellow River even broader.Standing on one side of the river,people could hardly tell what animals the oxen and horses on the other side of the river were.Thus He Bo was even more proud,thinking that all the magnificent sights were accumulated here.Then ,remembering the North Sea which had been mentioned to him before,he decided to go there and have a look.
He went downstream,and arrived at the river mouth to the sea.Suddenly,the god of the North Sea,whose name was Biennia Ruo,appeared before his eyes.With a smile,Beihai Ruo was welcoming He Bo to the North sea.He looked ahead,and saw that the North Sea,with its vast expanse of water,was boundless.With a dull look in his eyes,He Bo stood there for a while.Finally he said to Beihai Ruo with deep feeling,"As the common saying goes,some people go so far as to think that they are more knowledgeable than anybody else when they have got some knowledge.Actually I am one of such people.If I had not seen with that the Yellow River is matchless in the world.If I remained like that, I would be laughed at for ever by sensible people."
桃李不言,下自成蹊
English
西汉时候,有一位勇猛善战的将军,名叫李广,一生跟匈奴打过七十多次仗,战功卓著,深受官兵和百姓的爱戴。李广虽然身居高位,统领千军万马,而且是保卫国家的功臣,但他一点也不居功自傲。他不仅待人和气,还能和士兵同甘共苦。每次朝廷给他的赏赐,他首先想到的是他的部下,就把那些赏赐统统分给官兵们;行军打仗时,遇到粮食或水供应不上的情况,他自己也同士兵们一样忍饥挨饿;打起仗来,他身先士卒,英勇顽强,只要他一声令下,大家个个奋勇杀敌,不握牺牲。这是一位多么让人崇敬的大将军啊!
后来,当李广将军去世的噩耗传到军营时,全军将士无不痛哭流涕,连许多与大将军平时并不熟悉的百姓也纷纷悼念他。在人们心目中,李广将军就是他们崇拜的大英雄。
汉朝伟大的史学家司马迁在为李广立传时称赞道:“桃李不言,下自成蹊。”意思是说,桃李有着芬芳的花朵,甜美的果实,虽然它们不会说话,但仍然会吸引人们到树下赏花尝果,以至树下都走出一条小路,李广将军就是以他的真诚和高尚的品质赢得了人们的崇敬。
“桃李不言,下自成蹊”这则成语出自《史记·李将军列传》,比喻为人真诚,严于律已,自然会感动别人,自然会受到人们的敬仰。
Peaches and Plums Do Not Have to Talk, Yet the World Beats a Path to Them--Natural Attraction
Duing the Western Han Dynasty(206 B.C.- A.D.24)Period, there was a very famous general whose name was Li Guang. He was very brave and skillful in battle, and had fought more than seventy battles with the Huns, an ancient nationality in China.Having made brilliant achievements in war, he was deeply loved and esteemed by the officers and men as well as the common people. However,he did not claim credit for himself and become arrogant,although he held a high post,commanding a big army,and had rendered outstanding service in defending the county. He was not only polite and amiable, but also shared weal and woe with the soldiers. He always had the troops under his commandat heart,and whenever gifts were bestowed to him by the imperial government,he distributed the gifts to his officers and men. When marching, he endured the torments of hunger and thirst as the soldiers did when food and water were in short supply. When fighting, he charged at the head of his men,and ,when he gave the order,every soldier advanced bravely to engage in fighting,not fearing death.
When the sad news of the heath of General Li Guang reached the militaty camp,the officers and men of the whole army wept bitterly.
按图索骥 àn tú suǒ yì
English
春秋时候,秦国有个叫孙阳的人,擅长相马,无论什么样的马,他一眼就能分出优劣。他常常被人请去识马、选马,人们都称他为伯乐(“伯乐”本是天上的星名,据说负责管理天马)。
有一次,孙阳路过一个地方,忽见一匹拖着盐车的老马冲他叫个不停,走近一看,原来是匹千里马,只是年龄稍大了点。老马拉着车艰难地走着,孙阳觉得太委屈了这匹千里马,它本是可以奔跑于疆场,可以发挥更大作用的宝马良驹,现在却默默无闻地拖着盐车,慢慢地消耗着它的锐气和体力,实在可惜!孙阳想到这里,难过得落下泪来。
为了让更多的人学会相马,使千里马不再被埋没,也为了自己一身绝技不至于失传,孙阳把自己多年积累的相马经验和知识写成了一本书,配上各种马的形态图,书名叫《相马经》。
孙阳有个儿子,看了父亲写的《相马经》,以为相马很容易,就拿着这本书到处找好马。他按照书上所绘的图形去找,一无所获。又按书中所写的特征去找,最后发现有一只癞蛤蟆很像书中写的千里马的特征,便高兴地把癞蛤蟆带回家,对父亲说:“爸爸,我找到一匹千里马,只是蹄子稍差些。”父亲一看,哭笑不得,没想到儿子竟如此愚笨,便幽默地说:“可惜这马太喜欢跳了,不能用来拉车。”接着感叹道:“所谓按图索骥也。”
故事出自明朝杨慎的《艺林伐山》。成语“按图索骥”,比喻机械地照老办法办事,不知变通;也比喻按照某种线索去寻找事物。
Looking for a Steed with the Aid Of Its Picture
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man in the State of Qin whose name was Sun Yang. Sun Yang was very expert in looking at horses and judging their worth. Whatever the horse might be, he could tell whether it was good or bad at first sight. People called him Bo Le (Bo Le was the name of one of the celestial bodies and was fabled to be in charge of heavenly steeds), and he was often asked to appraise and select horses.
One day, when Sun Yang was passing a place, an old horse pulling acart loaded with salt suddenly neighed to him without stopping. He came near, and saw that it was a horse that really could cover a thousand Li a day, and that the only problem with it was that it was a little too old. The old horse was pulling the heavy cart with difficulties and hardships. Sun Yang felt acutely that the horse was really unjustly treated, for it might have been a fine steed galloping on the battlefield. It was a great pity that it was pulling the cart loaded with salt without attracting public attention, which had taken the edge off its spirit and consumed its energy. When he thought of this, he was so grieved that he shed tears.
In order to help more people learn how to appraise horses so that fine horses which could cover a thousand LI a day would no longer fall into oblivion, and also in order to ensure that his unique skill in judging horses would not be lost, Sun Yang worte a book entitled The Art of Looking at Horses and Judging Their Worth, based on his experiences and knowledge accumulated over the years. The book was also illustrated with the pictures of various horses.
Sun Yang had a son who, after reading his father's The Art of Looking at Horses and Judging Their Worth, thought it was very esay to appraise horses. So he took the book with him to look for fine horses everywhere. At first he searched according to the pictures in the book, and accomplished nothing. Then he searched according to the characteristics of a toad fit very well the characteristics described in the book. So he happily took the toad back home, and said to his father, "Father, I have found a horse that can cover a thousand Li a day, only its hoofs are not good enough." Looking at the toad, Sun Yang did not know whether he should laugh or cry. Knowing that his son was stupid, Sun Yang said humourously. "It's a pity that this horse is too fond of jumping to pull a cart." Then he sighed, "That is just what we call looking for a steed with the aid of its picture."
Later, people have used the set phrase "look for a steed with the aid of its picture" to refer to