初中英语的各种语法比如：doing sth做某事,这类词有什么.意思都写出来,和举例,还要注意些什么.写的多,好就给多分.如 Doing sth 做某事 例；I playing backetball 我打篮球,这样

初中英语的各种语法比如：doing sth做某事,这类词有什么.意思都写出来,和举例,还要注意些什么.写的多,好就给多分.如 Doing sth 做某事 例；I playing backetball 我打篮球,这样
初中英语的各种语法比如：doing sth做某事,这类词
有什么.意思都写出来,和举例,还要注意些什么.写的多,好就给多分.如
Doing sth 做某事 例；I playing backetball 我打篮球,这样

初中英语的各种语法比如：doing sth做某事,这类词有什么.意思都写出来,和举例,还要注意些什么.写的多,好就给多分.如 Doing sth 做某事 例；I playing backetball 我打篮球,这样
I playing basketball 这句话是错误的,只能说成 I am playing basketball.这个是属于现在进行时态,所以这里的playing是属于现在分词.当然还有很有doing 作宾语的情况,那是表示动名词,以下为固定搭配
enjoy doing
finish doing
practice doing
mind doing
be busy doing
be used to doing
口诀：完成实践值得忙
喜欢思念遥建议
继续习惯别放弃

这样的，一般和固定的动词放在一起使用的，一般结构是动词+ doing sth或者动词+ to do sth。比如：stop to do sth. 和stop doing sth.等。

1. break
break away (from) 突然逃离；断绝往来，脱离；改掉，破除
break down (机器等)坏了；(计划等)失败；(谈话等)中断；(健康等)变坏；感情失去控制
break in 突然进来，强行进入；插嘴，打岔；训练，使适应
break into 强行进入；突然…起来；打断，插嘴；占用时间
break off...

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1. break
break away (from) 突然逃离；断绝往来，脱离；改掉，破除
break down (机器等)坏了；(计划等)失败；(谈话等)中断；(健康等)变坏；感情失去控制
break in 突然进来，强行进入；插嘴，打岔；训练，使适应
break into 强行进入；突然…起来；打断，插嘴；占用时间
break off 停止讲话；暂停，休息；(使)折断
break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生，爆发
break through 突破；克服，征服；强行穿过；(太阳等)从云层里出来
break up 解散，驱散；(学校等)放假；结束，破裂；击碎；绝交
break with 与…绝交，与…决裂
2. bring
bring about 引起，实现，导致
bring (a)round 使改变观点或看法；使苏醒；顺便把某人带来串门
bring back 送还；使想起，使恢复
bring down 击落；打死，打伤；使倒下；降低
bring forth 产生，引起，结果
bring in 收获；获利；介绍，引进；聘请；逮捕
bring off 从船上救出；设法做成
bring on 带来，引起；促使生长；帮助提高
bring out 取出，拿出；显示出，使出来；出版
bring over 说服，使改变(思想等)
bring through 使度过(困难，危机等)
bring together 使和解
bring up 提出，提起；抚养，培养；呕吐
3. call
call at (车船等)停靠；到(某地)拜访
call away 叫走，叫开；转移(注意力等)
call back 唤回，叫回；回电话，再打电话
call for 喊(某人)来，喊人取来(某物)；来或去取(某物)，来或去接(某人)；需要，要求
call in 叫进，请进；找来，请来；来访
call off 叫走，转移开；取消，不举行
call on [upon] 拜访，看望
call out 大声叫(喊)；叫出去；召唤，请来，调去
call up (给…)打电话；想起，回忆起
4. come
come about (某情况)发生
come across 被理解(不及物)；给予印象(不及物)；(偶然)发现或遇见
come along 一道去；赶快
come for 来取，来拿，来找
come on 跟着来，快点，来吧
come out 出来，出现，开花
come over 来访，来玩
come to 来到，来参加；合计；有意义，有价值；苏醒；谈到，说到
5. cut
cut down 砍倒；削减，压缩，缩减
cut in 插入，插话；插队，超车
cut off 切断，隔断，断绝
cut out 剪成，戒掉
cut up 切碎；抨击；歼灭
6. die
die away (声音、风、光线等)渐息，渐弱
die down (慢慢)熄灭，平静下来
die off 一个一个地死去
die out (家族、习俗、观念等)灭绝，绝迹
7. fix
fix on 选定，确定，决定
fix sb up with 为某人安排或提供
fix up 决定，安排；清理，修理，整理
8. get
get about [around] 到处走动，旅行；传播，流传
get along 离开；相处；进展
get away 离开，逃离；逃避责罚，免受处罚
get back 返回；取回
get down 下来，取下，放下，写下，打下，吞下
get down to 开始做，认真处理
get in 进站，到达；请来；插话；收获
get off 起飞，动身，出发；下班，下车；从轻处罚，被放过
get on 上车；进行，进展；相处
get out 出来，出去，离开；拿出，取出；出版，发表；泄漏，传出
get out of 逃避，躲掉；使说出；放弃，戒除
get over 走过，越过，渡过；克服，战胜；恢复，痊愈
get through 做完，用完，吃完；通过(考试)，接通(电话)，度过(时间)
get together 聚会，联欢
get up 起床，起身；打扮；举办
9. give
give away 分发，赠送；背弃；暴露
give in 上交；让步，投降
give off 发出(光、热、声音、气味等)
give out 分发，散发；用完；垮掉；失灵，出故障；发表；发出(热、声音等
give up 放弃，戒掉；交出，让出；投降，认输
(10) go
go away 离开；消失；变淡
go back 返回；追溯；重操旧业；改变主意
go by (时)消逝；依…办；根据…判断
go on (时)消逝；继续；上场；发生；(灯)亮
go over 检查；复习；转至；使…干净；反应(如何)
go out (灯)熄；不流行
(11) look
look after 照顾(某人)；看管(某事物)
look around 环顾四周
look at 看；看待；看得上；检查；考虑
look for 寻找；寻求；期待
look into 调查；窥视
look on 旁观
look out 小心；留意；找出
look up 仰视；好转；查寻；探望
(12) make
make for 走向；有助于；促进
make out 理解；看清，(勉强)辨认出；填写；假装
make up 构成，组成；编写，编辑；编造；和解；弥补；化妆；凑足；准备好
(13) pick
pick out 选择；找出
pick up 捡起；收拾，整理；学会，获得；(用车)来接，去取；改善；继续；感染(疾病等)
(14) put
put away 收拾；放弃，打消；存蓄
put down 放下，写下，使下车；镇压，击败
put off 推迟；推脱；使不高兴
put on 穿，戴；上演，装(样子)；开(灯等)；增加
put out 扑灭，使熄灭；生产；公布，发表；打扰，使不高兴
put up 举起，架起，撑起；盖起，修建；张贴，挂；住宿，留宿
(15) see
see about 负责处理(安排)
see off 为…送行。如：
see out 送某人出门；度过(熬过)；进行到底
see through 看穿，识破；帮助度过(困难等)；进行到底
(16) set
set about 开始，着手
set against 使敌视，使对立
set apart 使与众不同；留出，拨出(时间、金钱等)
set aside 留出，拨出(时间、金钱等)；把…置于一旁，不理会
set back 推迟，耽搁；使花费
set down 写下，记下
set in 开始，来临
set off 出发，启程；导致，引起；使运转，使爆炸
set on [upon] 袭击，攻击
set out 动身，起程；开始，着手；摆放，摆设；陈述，解释
set up 创办，成立，建立；竖立，架起；组织，计划，安排；创下(纪录)；开业，开始经商；安装
(17) take
take away 拿走，带走；消除(病痛等)；减去
take down 取下；记下；拆掉；吞下；病倒
take out 拔掉；切除；带(某人)出去；获得
take off 脱掉(衣)；(飞机)起飞；(突然)离去；受欢迎
take up 占去；占据；以…作为爱好或消遣；从事；改短(衣物)；吸收
(18) turn
turn into 拐入；进入；(使)变成；(使)成为
turn off 关掉；使厌烦；转入另一条路；不注意
turn on 打开(收音机，电视机等)；展示；取决；进攻；以…为议题
turn over 翻转；反复考虑；营业额达到；移交
turn to 翻到；求助于；转向；积极行动
turn up 将音量调大；找到；发现；出现
turn down 调小音量；拒绝
turn out 结果是；证明是；露面
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

If I were you, I'd take them away.

如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。

If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.

如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉了他了。

If I had time. I could come to help you.

如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。

He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.

他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。

He speaks to us as if he had been there.

他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。

虚拟语气的用法

1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。

May you be happy.

祝你幸福。

May you have a good time.

祝愿你玩的痛快。

May the friendship between us last long.

祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

Have a good journey!

祝愿你旅途愉快！

You go out！

你出去！

2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气， 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望，要求。

I wish she would be on my side.

我希望她能站在我一边。

I wish I could help him.

我希望我能帮助他。

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.

他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。

动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，"should" 可以省略。

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.

老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.

他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。

3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。

在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形

It's necessary that we should have a walk now.

我们有必要出去散散步。

It's natural that she should do so.

她这样做是很自然的。

It's important that we should take good care of the patient.

重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。

虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在，过去和将来。

与现在事实相反的：

条件从句 结果从句
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He (you,they) would + 动词原形。

与过去事实相反的：

条件从句 结果从句
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词。

If I were you, I should buy it.

如果我是你，我就买了它。

If I had time, I would study French.

如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。

If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.

如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。

If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.

如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。

If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.

如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。

有关虚拟语气的几个问题：

1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面。

Were she younger, she would do it .

如果她年青点， 她就会干的。

Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.

如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。

2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。

I could help you.

我本来可以帮助你。

If I had time.

我要有时间该多好啊。

She should have come to the party.

她应该来参加聚会。

If he had much more money.

如果他有更多的钱就能...。

3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。

If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.

如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.

如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词的形式

非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用）

爬山是一项好运动。

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. （wearing ... 分词起形容词作用）

你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗？

He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用）

他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：

1) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。

Miss Mary teaches us English.

玛丽教我们英语。（teaches 动词作谓语）

Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.

维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。 （to have a talk.... 不定式作状语）

2) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。

Larke likes the pop music.

拉克喜欢流行音乐。 （动词用单数第三人称形式）

Larke has nothing to do today.

拉克今天没什么事要做。（do 用原形）

非谓语动词的特征：

1 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。

Studying English is my favorite.

学习英语是我的爱好。（studying 后跟宾语）

To help him is my duty.

帮助他是我的责任。（help 后跟宾语）

2 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。

Working under such a condition is terrible.

在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的状语）

It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.

他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。（for him 作不定式的逻辑主语）

3 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.

对不起让你久等了。（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.

从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。（Seen from...是分词的被动形式）

4 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。

Our coming made him happy.

我们的到来使他很高兴。（coming 起名词作用）

There are two big swimming pools here.

这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming 起形容词作用）

非谓语动词的形式变化：

不 定 式 主 动 被 动
一般 to write to be written
进行 to be writing /
完成 to have written to have been written
完成进行 to have been writing /

现 在 分 词 主 动 被 动
一般 writing being written
完成 having written having been written

过 去 分 词 一般 written

动 名 词 主 动 被 动
一 般 writing being written
完 成 having written having been written

动 词 不 定 式：

动词不定式是由 to + 动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。

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你要的莫不是非谓语动词搭配，就是 to do ; doing ; do
u see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do
u ask sb to do sth 让某人做某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
u be a...

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你要的莫不是非谓语动词搭配，就是 to do ; doing ; do
u see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do
u ask sb to do sth 让某人做某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
u be able to do sth 能够做某事
u be afraid to do /of sth 害怕做某事
u be allowed to do 被允许做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
u be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
u be ashamed to do sth 做某事而惭愧
u be busy doing sth 忙于……
u be glad to do sth 乐于做某事
u be going to do sth 打算做某事
u be good at doing = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
u be happy to do 很高兴做某事
u be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
u be sorry to do sth 做某事很抱歉，很遗憾
u be strict in doing sth 做某事很严格，很认真
u be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心
u be sure to do sth 一定会做某事
u be terrified of doing 害怕……
u be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
u used to do sth 过去常常做某事 现在不做了
u be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
u be worth doing 值得做某事
u be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
u begin to do = start to do 开始做某事
u bother sb to do sth 麻烦某人做某事
u consider + doing 考虑做某事
u decide to do sth 决定做某事
u enjoy +doing 喜欢做某事
u expect to do sth 期待做某事
u find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
u finish doing 完成某事
u forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了
u get /have sth down 做完，让某事被（别人）做…
u get sb to do sth 让某人做某事
u go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事
u hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
u have fun +doing 玩得高兴
u have sth to do 有什么事要做 have nothing to do 没什么事情做
u have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
u hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事
u help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
u hope to do sth 希望做某事
u How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
u invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
u It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间
u It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
u It's +adj for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样
u It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样
u It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意
u It's time to do sth 到了该去做某事的时间
u keep +sb /sth +doing 让什么保持什么状态
u learn to do sth 学做某事
u let sb do sth 让某人做某事
u make a decision to do sth 决定做某事
u make sb do sth 让某人做某事
u mind one's doing 介意……做什么
u need sb do sth 需要某人做某事
u need to do (实义动词） need do (情态动词）
u practice +doing 练习做某事
u prefer doing sth to doing sth 相对……更喜欢……
u prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿
u prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意某人不做某事…
u pretend to do sth 假装着去做某事
u remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
u sb spend somemoney (in) doing sth 花了多少钱在某事上
u sb spend sometime (in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事
u see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事
u seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样
u stop doing 停止正在做的某事 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事
u stop sb (from) doing 阻止某人做某事
u tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么
u thank you for +doing
u too…to do… 太怎样而不能……
u be adj +enough to do 足够…能…
eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school
eg: He is old enough to go to school = He is so old that he can go to school
u try one's best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力去做某事、
u try to do sth 努力做某事，但没成功 try doing sth 尝试做某事，已经做过了
eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功
He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已经做过了

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