英语里,什么是强调句,让步状语从句

英语里,什么是强调句,让步状语从句
英语里,什么是强调句,让步状语从句

英语里,什么是强调句,让步状语从句
1、英语中无论是口语还是书面语都离不了“强调”,“强调”的方法也多种多样.在口语中一般借助语调的变化来表示,也就是重读句中要强调的某个词或某个部分；在书面语中可以通过词汇手段、语法手段或修辞手段来进行强调,以加强语势.下面谈谈如何用这几种手段表“强调”. 一、词汇手段表强调 英语中有些词在句中起强调作用,强调句中的动词、名词、数词、形容词、副词等.常见的如下： (一)do表强调 1.在一般句型中,do(does,did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气,在句中要重读,且需符合下列两个条件：1句子是肯定句；2句子中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般过去时.此时的do可译为“真的”、“果真”、“的确”、“确实”等.例如： You do look nice today.你今天看起来真的很漂亮. Jack said he would come and he did come.杰克说他要来,他果真来了. 2.在祈使句中,do表强意的请求,而不是命令,有时它可以使邀请对方的心意更加客气、热情、友好,而且亲切,此时的do可译为“务”、“务必”等.例如： Please do sit down.务请坐下. Do be careful!请务必小心谨慎! Do tell me all about it.I'll keep it a dead secret.请告诉我吧,我一定严守秘密. (二)good表强调 1.形容词good置于名词或形容词之前,可以起到强调作用,在不同的句子中可译为：“足足”、“整整”、“狠狠地”、“相当”、“很”等.例如： It'll take you a good four hours to get there.到达那里足足需要你四个小时. His father gave him a good beating.他父亲狠狠地揍了他一顿. I covered a good hundred miles that day.那天我整整走了一百英里.除good之外,cool,solid,clear等词也可以用来表强调.例如： His father earns a cool thousand dollars a month.他父亲每月能挣足足一千美元. She has been waiting for her husband a solid hour.她等她丈夫等了整整一个小时. The snake measures ten clear feet long.蛇足有十英尺长. 2.形容词good和and结合起来,构成good and …表强调,程度副词作状语,相当于very,thoroughly,completely等,强调and之后的形容词或副词.例如： These apples are good and ripe.这些苹果完全熟透了. He drove good and fast.他开车相当快. When it was good and dark,he left his home.当天完全黑了时,他离开了家. 除good之外,形容词nice,fine,sweet,rare,lovely等词也可以与and连用表强调.例如： The building stands nice and high.这座建筑挺高. The child was rare and hungry.这孩子饿得慌. It was lovely and cool there.那儿非常凉爽. (三)very表强调 very常用在the,this,that或物主代词my,his ,our,your之后,加强名词的语意,意为“正是”、“就是”、“仅仅”、“甚至”等.例如： You are the very man I'm looking for.你正是我要找的人. At this very moment the telephone rang.就在这个时候电话铃响了. He knows our very thoughts.他甚至了解我们内心深处的思想. The fault is your very own.这完全是你自己的错. (四)only表强调 only常置于单数名词之前,以加强名词的语意,意为“唯一的”、“仅有的”、“最合适的”、“无与伦比的”等.例如： This is the only book of its kind in the world.这本书是世界上仅有的一本. Mr Brown is the only person able to do it.布朗先生是唯一能胜任的人. She is the only woman for the position.她是那个职位的最佳人选. 二、语法手段表强调 语法手段表强调指的是英语中的某些固定的强调句型,表强调的句型主要有两个：“it”强调句和假拟强调句. (一)it强调句 it强调句结构为：“It is (was)＋被强调的部分＋that(who/whom)＋句子的其它成分”,这种强调句除了不能强调谓语动词外,其它句子成分,如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等都可以强调.例如：Anne had a severe heart attack last night.安妮昨晚得了严重的心脏病. 此句可以用三个强调句分别强调主语、宾语和状语. It was Anne that had a severe heart attack last night.正是安妮昨晚得了严重的心脏病.(强调主语) It was a severe heart attack that Anne had last night.安妮昨晚得的是严重的心脏病.(强调宾语) It was last night that Anne had a severe heart attack.就是在昨晚安妮得了严重的心脏病.(强调状语) 又如：It is Chairman of the committee that they elected him.他们选举他担任的是这个委员会的主席.(强调宾补) It was because she was ill that she didn't go to school yesterday.正是因为她病了,她昨天才没去上学.(强调原因状语从句) it强调句还需注意以下几点： 1.如果被强调的主语或宾语是人时,可用that也可用who.例如： It is a policeman who (that) my son wants to be.我儿子想当的就是警察. 2.如果被强调的是人称代词,该人称代词可以用主格,也可以用宾格.非正式文体中多用宾格.例如： It is he(him)that is to blame.该受责备的是他. 3.如果原句中含有not…until,转变成强调句时,其结构为：It is(was)not until…that….例如： I didn't get your letter until yesterday.→It wasn't until yesterday that I got your letter.直到昨天我才收到你的来信. 4.如果原句是一般疑问句,其强调结构为：Is(Was) it…that…；如果原句是特殊疑问句,其强调结构为：特殊疑问词＋is (was)it that….例如： Was it at eight o'clock that you began to work?你是在八点钟开始工作的吗? Where was it that you met him?你是在什么地方遇到他的? Why was it that he couldn't answer the question?他为什么不能回答这个问题? (二)假拟强调句 假拟强调句是一种主系表型的句子结构,它的两种形式：一是“what引导的从句＋be＋被强调的部分”,另一个是“被强调的部分＋be＋what引导的从句”. 1.“what引导的从句＋be＋被强调的部分”.此句型中被强调的部分是句中的表语,它可以是动词不定式、动名词短语或名词.例如： What he could do was (to) wait for the arrival of the doctor.他能做的就是等大夫来.(动词不定式) What the professor has been doing for years is studying the subject.教授几年来干的事情就是研究这个问题.(动名词短语) What John wants is a ball.约翰想要的是球.(名词) 2.“被强调的部分＋be＋what引导的从句”.此句型中被强调的部分是句中的主语.例如： A kite was what Bill made at school yesterday.比尔昨天在学校里制作的是一个风筝. 三、修辞手法表强调 修辞手法表强调指的是一些倒装句,为了强调句中的某一成分,或者用来描绘动作,抒发情感,或为保持句子的平稳而使用倒装句.例如： Never have I seen such a good film.我从来没看过这么好的电影. Only in this way can you learn English well.只有用这种方法才能学好英语. So easy was the task that they finished it in a few days.这项工作非常容易,他们几天就完成了. Such was my study plan.这就是我的学习计划. Buried in the sands was an ancient village.埋在沙土之中的是一个古老的村庄.
2、让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句常用的连词有：though（虽然）, although （虽然）,as（虽然）,even if（即使）,even though（即使）,whatever（无论什么）,wherever（无论哪里）,no matter wh…（无论…）.
【例】
Though he tried hard,he was not successful.虽然他尽力 而为,但他没有成功.
No matter who asks for advice,she is always ready to help. 不管谁向她请教,她总是乐于助人.
学习让步状语从句应注意两点
（1）as引导的让步状语从句,有所不同,语序发生倒装.注意下列句子.
Child as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子,他懂得很多.（表语child提前,而且冠词a省略）
Much as I admire him, I cannot excuse his faults.虽然我很 崇拜他,可我不能原谅他的错误.（状语much提前）
（2）让步状语从句中的省略.
【例】
Though cold, the old man still wore a vest.
虽然天很冷,老人还是穿着一件背心.
Whether well or sick,he always keeps smiling.
她不管是身体好,还是不好,总是满面春风.