求英语八大语态结构及解说,急需!

求英语八大语态结构及解说,急需!
求英语八大语态结构及解说,急需!

求英语八大语态结构及解说,急需!
基本句型一： S V （主＋谓） 基本句型二： S V P （主＋谓＋表） 基本句型三： S V O （主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四： S V o O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五; S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
八大时态
一、 一般现在时： 1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况. 2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要加（e）S） 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如 主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词. 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用 does,同时,还原行为动词. 6.例句：. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 二、 一般过去时： 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为. 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词. 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动
词. 6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy. 三、 现在进行时： 1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为. 2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首. 6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、 过去进行时： 1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作. 2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一 般过去时的时间状语等. 3.基本结构：was/were+doing 4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首. 6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 五、 现在完成时： 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态. 2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：have/has + done 4.否定形式：have/has + not +d one. 5.一般疑问句：have或has.
6.例句：I've written an article. It has been raining these days. 六、 过去完成时： 1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前 完成的行为,即“过去的过去”. 2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc. 3.基本结构：had + done. 4.否定形式：had + not + done. 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首. 6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 七、 一般将来时： 1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事. 2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词. 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首. 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 八、 过去将来时： 1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中. 2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 3.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首. 6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day
过去完成时
定义：过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了 的动作或状态. 　　它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”. 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) 　　 ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. 　　 ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. 　　 ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 　　 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 　　否定回答：No,主语+had not . 　　 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）? 基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的 动作.即“过去的过去”.可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表 示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示. 　　例如： By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 　　 到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片. 　　 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用. 　　例如： I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 　　当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟. 　 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 　　他说自从1949年以来他 就在那家工厂工作. 　　 （3）叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发 生的动作时,常使用过去完成时. 　　例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 　　史密斯先生昨天去世了.他以前是我的好友. 　　 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 　　 我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课. 　　　 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过 去完成时. 　　例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed. 　　我已归还 了我借的书. 　　She found the key that she had lost. 　　她丢失的钥匙找到 了. 　　　
（5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间 接引语）中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前. 　　例如： He said that he had known her well. 　　他说他很熟悉她. 　　I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 　　我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了. 　　　 （6） 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时；发 生在后,用一般过去时. 　　如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的 　 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 　　我醒来时雨已停 了. 　　She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 　　她直到 把工作做完之后才睡觉. 　　　注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完 成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作 发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时. 　　例如： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 　　 马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平. 　　 （7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾 实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等. 　　例如： They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 　　他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里. 　 We had hoped to be able to come and see you . 　　我们本来希望能来看看你. 　 （8）过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) 　　time (that)…等固定句型中. 　　例如：Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 　　他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了 他. 　　No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 　　他刚到就又走 了. 　　It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 　　 这是他那一年第三次失业了. 　　　时间状语 　　before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner……than,yet,already等. 过去完成时-语法判定 　　1. 由时间状语来判定 　　一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语.与过去完 成时连用的时间状语有： 　　 （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点.如： 　　I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 　　 （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点.如： 　　We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 　　 （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点.如： 　　They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 　　 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定. 　　过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一 动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在 后的用一般过去时.这种用法常出现在： 　　
（ 1 ）宾语从句中 　　当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的 动作时,从句要用过去完成时.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾 语从句.如： 　　She said that she had seen the film before. 　 （ 2 ）状语从句中 　　在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作 发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时.如： 　 After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 　　注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关 系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时.如： 　　After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 　　 （3）表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等, 用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…" 　　We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 　　3. 根据上、下文来判定. 　　I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing. 过去完成时-语法区别 一、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果 或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完 成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更 强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它. 　　比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单 词. 　　I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词. 　　— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等 了. 　　— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我 只等了几分钟.（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） 二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点： 1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过 去某一特定的时间. 　　比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 　　They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 　　 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文 来判断：先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时. 　　She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 　　 3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一 般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引导的从句 中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成
时. 　　He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.

被动语态的八大语态..
一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时一般将来时am/is/aretaken am/is/arebeing taken have/has been taken will/shall be taken一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时was /weretaken was/werebeing taken had been taken would/shouldbe taken 从上表中可以看出,被动语态的各种时态变化都是通过助动词“be”的各种时态来表示的,因此只要知道“be”的时态形式,也就掌握了被动语态构成.下面是被动语态各种时态的例句：e.g. You are wanted on the phone . 有你的电话.（一般现在时） The railway was built in 1998. 这条铁路建于1998 年.（一般过去时） A new railway is being built in this city. 这个城市正在修建一条新的铁路.（现在进行时） The railway was being built this time last year.去年这个时候这条铁路正在修建.（过去进行时） The new railway has already been built.新铁路已经建成了.（现在完成时） The new railway had been built by the end of last year.这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了.（过去完成时） A new railway will be built in this city next year.这个城市明年将建一条新的铁路.（一般将来时） He told us that the new railway would be built the next year.他告诉我们新铁路将于第二年建成.（过去将来时）第二节 被动语态的各种句型1.单宾语结构. e.g. Our English teacher often uses a tape-recorder in teaching English.我们英语老师经常用录音机教英语.（主动语态） A tape-recorder is often used (by our English teacher) in teaching English.录音机经常用来教英语.2．双宾语结构 这种结构可有两种被动语态句型,即分别用间接宾语和直接宾语作主语.e.g. The villagers gave the foreign guests warm welcome.（主动语态）The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the villagers.（被动1）A warm welcome was given to the foreign guests by the villagers.（被动2）3.复合宾语结构 这种结构只能将主动语态的宾语改作被动语态的主语. e.g. They heard someone singing in the next room.(主动) Someone was heard singing in the next room. (被动)4. 含情态动词的被动结构 含情态动词的句子其被动语态形式是“情态动词+ be+过去分词”. e.g. The trees should be watered every day. 这些树应每天浇水. This word can be pronounced in two ways. 这个单词可以有两种发音.5．短语动词结构 相当于及物动词的短语动词也可以有被动语态,如 look after, give up , take care of , pay attention to , make use of , put off, wake up , put out 等.e.g. The children must be taken good care of .这些孩子必须得到好的照顾.The big fire has been put out . 大火已被扑灭.特别提醒A． 只有及物动词和及物短语动词才可以有被动语态不及物动词,不及物短语动词或系动词都不可以有被动语态,如happen, go on , take place , belong to , sound, feel等.e.g. This room belongs to me. .这房子属于我.不可以说：This room is belonged to me .e.g. This music sounds sweet.这音乐听起来很悦耳.不可以说：This music is sounded sweet.B.被动语态只有在强调动作的承受者或不知道动作的执行者时才使用.e.g. This sock is made of silk.这袜子是丝的.（不知道动作的执行者是谁.）English is required in many schools of our country.在我们国家许多学校要求开设英语课.（强调动作的承受者English.）C. 千万不能按中文意思死搬硬套,如句子“你的信我已经收到了.”不能说：Your letter has been received by me .只能说：I have received your letter.D. 主动语态变为被动语态的步骤 1.找出主动语态的宾语,作为被动语态的主语；2.将谓语动词有主动形式变为被动形式；3.有无必要用 by 短语.4.注意被动语态的句式,时态必须主动语态一致.e.g. Have you found your lost book? 你找到你丢的书了吗?（一般问句,现在完成时） Has your lost book been found?你丢的书找到没有?（一般问句,现在完成时）E. 有些动词常用主动形式表示被动意义,如动词act, cook, keep , look , open , write, read, sell , wash 等,这时句子的主语通常是没有生命的.e.g. This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 meters wide. 这个大厅长100米,宽60 米. This pen sells well in that country. 这种笔在那个国家很好销.F. 在一些固句型中常用被动语态结构,如：It is said that … 据说……,人们说…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is hoped that … 人们希望…… It is well known that… 众所周知…… It is believed that…人们相信…… It must be admitted that…必须承认…… It must be pointed that…必须指出的是……

英语语态有两种：主动语态，被动语态。主动语态和被动语态都有8个。被动语态分别是一般现在时被动语态be+done;现在进行时被动语态be+being+done；一般过去时被动语态was/were+
done；过去进行时被动语态was/were+being+done；一般将来时被动语态will/shall+be+done;过去将来时would+be+done；现在完成时被动语态have/has...

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英语语态有两种：主动语态，被动语态。主动语态和被动语态都有8个。被动语态分别是一般现在时被动语态be+done;现在进行时被动语态be+being+done；一般过去时被动语态was/were+
done；过去进行时被动语态was/were+being+done；一般将来时被动语态will/shall+be+done;过去将来时would+be+done；现在完成时被动语态have/has+be+done；过去完成时被动语态had+
be+done;还有情态助动词被动语态can/may/must+be=done.

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