虚拟语气

虚拟语气
虚拟语气

虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的一种愿望,假设,怀疑,猜测, 建议等含义,虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实.

If I were you, I'd take them away.

如果我是你的话,我就会带走他们.

If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.

如果我碰见了李华,我就告诉了他了.

If I had time. I could come to help you.

如果我有时间,我会来帮助你的.

He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.

他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组.

He speaks to us as if he had been there.

他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿.

虚拟语气的用法

1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令.

May you be happy.

祝你幸福.

May you have a good time.

祝愿你玩的痛快.

May the friendship between us last long.

祝愿我们的友情天长地久.

Have a good journey!

祝愿你旅途愉快!

You go out!

你出去!

2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中.动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气, 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望,要求.

I wish she would be on my side.

我希望她能站在我一边.

I wish I could help him.

我希望我能帮助他.

He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.

他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿.

动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中,"should" 可以省略.

The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.

老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了.

He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.

他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服.

3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中.

在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . " 中,that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形

It's necessary that we should have a walk now.

我们有必要出去散散步.

It's natural that she should do so.

她这样做是很自然的.

It's important that we should take good care of the patient.

重要的是我们要照顾好病人.

4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中.

虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中.在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时,动词有三种时态形式,即现在,过去和将来.

与现在事实相反的：

条件从句 结果从句
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形. He (you,they) would + 动词原形.

与过去事实相反的：

条件从句 结果从句
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词.He (you,they) would + have + 过去分词.

If I were you, I should buy it.

如果我是你,我就买了它.

If I had time, I would study French.

如果我有时间,我会学习法语的.

If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.

如果她懂英语的话,她不会找我帮忙的.

If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.

如果你早一点起床,就会赶上火车的.

If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.

如果明天天气好,我就去买东西.

有关虚拟语气的几个问题：

1) 有时if引导的状语从句可以省略 if,而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到主语前面.

Were she younger, she would do it .

如果她年青点, 她就会干的.

Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.

如果他知道她的地址,他会去看她的.

2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略,而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句.

I could help you.

我本来可以帮助你.

If I had time.

我要有时间该多好啊.

She should have come to the party.

她应该来参加聚会.

If he had much more money.

如果他有更多的钱就能.

3) 虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致.

If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.

如果他们以前努力学习的话,现在干的就会容易些.

If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.

如果他不听取我的建议,他就不会干得这样好.

虚拟语气
1） 概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2） 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
16.1 真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 i...

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虚拟语气
1） 概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
2） 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
16.1 真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。

时态关系
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
16.2 非真实条件句
1）时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。
a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
句型 ： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型： 条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c. 表示对将来的假想
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.

16.3 混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。
If you had asked him yesterday, you would k now what to do now.
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
16.4 虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
注意：
在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
16.5 特殊的虚拟语气词：should
1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。
句型：
(1)suggested
It is (2)important that…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity, a shame, no wonder
(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判断改错:
（错） You p ale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
(对) I insisted that you were wrong.
3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
16.6 wish的用法
1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：
真实状况 wish后
从句动作先于主句动词动作 现在时 过去时
（be的过去式为 were）
从句动作与主句动作同时发生 过去时 过去完成时
（had + 过去分词）
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +
动词原形
I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2）Wish to do表达法。
Wish sb / sth to do
I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.
I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)
16.7 比较if only与only if
only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
16.8 It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
It is time that the children went to bed.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
16.9 need "不必做"和"本不该做"
didn't need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。.
needn't have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回 家，没有遇上John的车。)
典型例题
There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
答案D。needn't have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。
Mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。

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