1、祈使句结构 2、反问疑问句结构

1、祈使句结构 2、反问疑问句结构
1、祈使句结构 2、反问疑问句结构

1、祈使句结构 2、反问疑问句结构
祈使句用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告等.
1）祈使句有两种类型,一种是以动词原形开头,在动词原形之前加do （但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子）.例如：
Take this seat. 坐这儿.
Do be careful. 务必小心.
否定结构：例如：
Don't move. 不准动.
Don't be late. 不要迟到.
2）第二种祈使句以let开头.
Let 的反意疑问句：
a. Let's 包括说话者.例如：　
Let's have another try, shall we / shan't we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次,如何?
b. Let us 不包括说话者.例如：
Let us have another try,will you / won't you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次,好吗?
否定结构：例如：
Let's not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事.
Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事.
反意疑问句
1）陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.例如：
I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一样高,对吗?
2）陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语.例如：
I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话,行吗?
3）陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义.例如：
Some plants never blown （开花）, do they ? 有些植物从不开花,对吗?
4）含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语.例如：
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他应该知道该做什么,对吗?
5）陈述部分有have to +v. （had to + v.）,疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）.例如：
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿,是吗?
6）陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语.例如：
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那儿拍照,是吗?
7）陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you? 例如：
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you? 你最好自己去读,好吗?
8）陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语.例如：
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵,是吗?
9）陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语.例如：
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我们一块去,对吗?
10） 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定.例如：
He must be a doctor, isn't he? 他肯定是医生,是吗?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? 你一定读过三年英语,对吗?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的,是吗?
11） 感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语.例如：
What colors, aren't they? 多漂亮的颜色,是吗?
12） 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定.
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师,我也不是,对吗?
13） 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it.例如：
Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切就绪,是吗?
14） 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况：
a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定.例如：
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
史密斯先生曾几次去过北京,按理说他现在应该在中国,是吗?
b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定.例如：
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? 他说他想去日本看看,他是那样说的吗?
c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称,谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句.例如：
I don't think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明,是吗?
We believe she can do it better, can't she? 我们相信她能做得更好,她能吗?
15） 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he.例如：
Everyone knows the answer, don't they?　（does he?） 人人都知道答案,是这样吧?
Nobody knows about it, do they? （does he?） 没人知道这件事,是吧?
16） 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need （dare ） +主语.例如：
We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍,是吗?
He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说,是吗?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语.例如：
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家,是吗?
17） 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you.例如：
Don't do that again, will you? 别再这样做,好吗?
Go with me, will you / won't you ? 跟我走吧,好吗?
注意：Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you? 例如：
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐,好吗?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你让我们在阅览室等你,好吗?
18） 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词.例如：
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? 你的表有问题,对不对?
There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧,是吗?
19） 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式.例如：
It is impossible, isn't it? 这不可能,是吗?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不会对他同学使坏,是吗?
20） must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句.例如：
He must be there now, isn't he? 他现在肯定在那儿,是吧?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it? 明天肯定要下雨,是吗?