since的各种用法

since的各种用法
since的各种用法

since的各种用法
Since 用法小结
一．Since作为介词,后接某一确定的时间点,主句谓语动词是持续性动词,常与现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态或过去完成时态连用.例如：
1、He left the village in 1982 and I haven’t seen him since then.1982年他离开这个村子,从那以后我再没见过他.
2、She’s been working in a bank since leaving school.她中学毕业后就一直在一家银行工作.
3.He had spoken to her only once since the party.自从那次聚会以来,他只跟她说过一次话.
二．Since作为副词,表示从过去以来、以后或到现在的情形或状态,常与现在完成时态连用.例如：
1．He left home two weeks ago and we haven’t heard from him since.他两周前离开了家,到现在我们一直没有他的消息.
2．He came to Zhenjiang 6 years ago and has lived here (ever) since.他6年前来到镇江,从此便住在这里.
三．since引导原因状语从句
作为连词,since可引导原因状语从句,表示因为；既然；鉴于：例如：
1． He didn’t come since he was busy.他因为忙,所以没有来.
2． Since this method doesn’t work,let’s try another.既然这种方法不行,我们就试用另一种吧.
四．Since引导时间状语从句
1．若since引导的状语从句的谓语是终止性动词的过去时,则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”.例如：
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校,他学习就非常努力.
We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这里,我们就一直很想念他们.
2．若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态动词的过去时时,则从句表示的时间是“从动作或状态结束时算起”.例如：
I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.Sleep 为持续性动词,sleep的动作结束时,即“醒来”时,所以这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”.
3．若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时,则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻）,其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起.例如：I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there.这里has lived表示动作的持续性,时间的起点应从：“开始居住”时算起.因此此句可理解为“自从他（开始）住在那儿起,我就一直没收到他的来信”.
五．Since在特殊句型中的应用
句型I：“It is （has been）+时间+since+持续性动词的过去时”,表示“自从……以来到现在已有多久.”例如：
It has been quite some time since I was last in London.我上次离开伦敦至今颇有一段时间了.
句型II：“It was+时间+since+持续性动词的过去完成时”,表示“从……到过去某时间点以来”,例如：It was three years since we had been here.那时我们在这已呆了三年.

since的用法

　 1) since +过去一个时间点　(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
　 I have been here since 1989.
　
　 2) since +一段时间+ ago
　 I have been here since five months ago....

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since的用法

　 1) since +过去一个时间点　(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
　 I have been here since 1989.
　
　 2) since +一段时间+ ago
　 I have been here since five months ago.

　 3) since +从句　
　 Great changes have taken place since you left.
　 Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

　 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句
　 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
since的用法主要有两点：一是表示“自从……以来”，二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了解词的含义，而不了解其用法，在使用时就会造成错误。例如：I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.
不少人会望文生义，将该句译为：“自从我住在上海以来，就再也没有收到他的信了。”而实际上这个句子的译文并非如此，那么正确的含义是什么呢？
下面谈谈since作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。
一、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如：
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。
这是最常见的一种用法，此处不再多述。
二、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。如：
I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。
John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了。
本文开始出现的那个句子就可以译为“自从我离开上海，就再也没有收到他的信。”这种译法常被人们误用，我们不妨再多举几个例子看看：
How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你离开（没住在）上海多久了？
It is half a month since he was a League member.他退团（不当团员）半个月了。
It’s been quite some time since I was last in London我离开伦敦已很长时间了。
比较：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为状态动词）
He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为终止性动词）
三、若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如：
I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。
这里has lived表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信”。
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自从我们自己有了汽车，我们每年都去野营。
试比较：1. Since I’ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自从我到这所学校，我们已换了三个校长了。
Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自从我离开这所学校，他们已换了三个校长了。
2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。
由此可见，since引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反。换言之，前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容，而后者的形式与内容是一致的。
至于It is +一段时间+since…的句型与It has been +一段时间+since…意思相同。前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法。
应注意的是，在这种结构中，since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义，下面两句都错了：
It is a long time since he didn’t study English.
It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.
正确的说法为：
It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久没学英语了。
You haven’t come to see me for two months. 你有两个月没来看我了。

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我粘贴的：
since的用法：译作“自从…以来”
(1)接时间点：如 I have stayed in that country since 1995. 要求：谓v.用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词。
(2)接一段时间 + ago：如 They have lived in that house since two years ago. 要求：谓v.用现在...

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我粘贴的：
since的用法：译作“自从…以来”
(1)接时间点：如 I have stayed in that country since 1995. 要求：谓v.用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词。
(2)接一段时间 + ago：如 They have lived in that house since two years ago. 要求：谓v.用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词。
(3)接时间状语从句：如 I have loved her since I met her last time. / Lily has stayed at home since she left school. 要求：主句的谓v.用现在完成时，而且须是延续性动词；从句的谓v.用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。
(4)用于句型“It’s / It has been + 一段时间 + since + 时间状语从句”中，译作“自从…以来, 已经…(时间)了”。如 It’s / has been three months since he moved to this city. 要求：主句的谓v.用一般现在时或现在完成时；从句的谓v.用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。
(5)用于句型“一段时间 + has passed since + 时间状语从句”中，译作“自从…以来, …
(时间)已经过去了”。如上个例句还可写成：Three months has passed since he moved to this city. 要求：主句的谓v.用现在完成时，而且动词必须是has passed；从句的谓v.用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。
(6)注：当since用于否定句时，主句的谓v.可以是终止性动词。如 He hasn’t seen the film since last month.
(7)相关词组：“从那时起”：ever since、since then、from then on.
注：ever since作为一个词组，放句尾可单独使用。如I have given up smoking ever since. 另外，还可在since后接句子。since前加ever，只是加重语气而已。如 I have given up smoking ever since I caught a bad cough.
(8) since还可引导原因状语从句，译作“由于；因为”，相当于because。如 Since he was lazy, he didn’t finish his homework.

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