宾语从句的相关语法知识
来源:学生作业帮助网 编辑:六六作业网 时间:2024/12/25 13:26:02
宾语从句的相关语法知识
宾语从句的相关语法知识
宾语从句的相关语法知识
宾语从句(The Object Clause)在复合句中作主句的宾语.宾语从句通常由下面一些词引导.
1、由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等后.连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做任何成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好.
例:I told him that he was wrong.
2、 由wh-引导的宾语从句,连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分.
例:Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)
I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)
3、 由连词whether 或 if 引导(一般情况下两者可替换,口语中常用if).
我们应注意的几个问题:
1、 宾语从句的语序.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例:I believe that they will come soon.
He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
2、 宾语从句的时态
1)宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,主句用一般现在时,从句也用现在时态.
如:He says Mary is playing with the cat .
He says Mary often plays with the cat.
2) 主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态.如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态.
He said Mary was playing with the cat.
He said he hoped to be back soon..
3) 当从句所表示的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句都用一般现在时.
如:He said light travels much faster than sound.
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
3、 宾语从句中的否定转移.如果主句谓语动词是think , believe suppose 等,而从句的意思是否定的,这时主句的谓语动词用否定式,从句用肯定式.如:
I don’t think you are right. 我认为你不对.
4、 将特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时,从句的语序要由疑问句变成陈述句的语序.
When will the meeting begin?-------I want to know when the meeting will begin.
5、 将一般疑问句变成宾语从句时,则用if /whether连接,同时变成陈述句语序,同时注意人称的变化.
Are you an English teacher ?-------He asked if I was an English teacher.
注意:由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句.Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换.但在下列情况下只能用whether,不能用if
1) 介词后的宾语从句 I’m thinking about whether we should go fishing.
2) 宾语从句提前时 Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
3) 宾语从句中有or not时 I don’t know whether or not he was ready.
4) 和动词不定式连用作宾语时 She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.
当" if "引导条件状语从句,(主句是将来时,那么从句就用现在时;主句是过去时,从句则用过去完成时).
例 I don’t know whether he will come. If he comes ,I will tell you.