关于英语从句的归纳总结

关于英语从句的归纳总结
关于英语从句的归纳总结

关于英语从句的归纳总结
定语从句
一、什么是定语从句?
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.在定语从句中,被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词.在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词.关系词又分关系代词和关系副词.
二、关系词有哪些?
1、关系代词：which（指sth）,that（指sb或sth）,who（指sb作主语或宾语）,whom（指sb作宾语）,whose（指sb或sth,作定语）
2、关系副词：when（指时间）,where（指地点）,why（指原因）
三、关系代词和关系副词有何区别?
主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同.关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语.而关系副词在定语从句中作状语.分清楚这一关系并在做题时想着这个原则,就不会出原则性的错误了.
四、定语从句解题步骤
1、找对先行词.
2、确定先行词在定语从句中的位置,也就是在定语从句中担任何成份.这一点可以帮助我们划分使用关系代词还是关系副词.
eg：This is the place that/which I visited years ago.
This is the place where I lived years ago.
分析：这两句的先行词都是the place,由于第一句中的先行词在定语从句中作visit的宾语,所以选择关系代词,如果作宾语时关系代词可省略.而第二句的先行词则在定语从句中作状语,因为live是不及物动词,因此选择关系副词where.
3、区别各关系代词的使用.
五、关系代词中的which和that如何区分?
在先行词为物情况下,一般情况两者可通用,但也有不可互换的情况.
以下几种情况只用that:
1. 先行词all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词.
2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰.
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时.

4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时.
That white flower is the only one that I really like.
This is the very book that I want to have.
The last place that we visited was the chemical works.
5. 有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词,从句应用that,而不是其他.
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
6. 当主句是以who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句多用that,而不用who(whom),which.
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
以上通常是使用于物,人一般不受限制,但如果正式和严谨可以遵循这一原则.
六、各关系副词
when：I did remember the day when I come to No. 4 High School.
where：This is the house where I lived years ago.
why：Could you please tell me the reasons why you came late to school this morning.
七、几点说明
1、在先行词为人的情况下,遇到who和 that都有的情况,如何处理?

答：如果句中已有who的情况下为避免重复,用that.
eg：Who is the girl that is speaking to my teacher?
2、在先行词为人且在定语从句中作宾语,用who还是whom?

答：一般情况两者可通用,但遇到介词提前时只能用whom.
eg：He is my English teacher from whom I learned a lot.

定语从句练习
一、填空
选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处.
1. This is the comrade __________ will go to the south with us tomorrow.
2. Who”s the student __________ the teacher is talking with?
3. I like the present __________ you”ve sent to me.
4. The nurse __________ we talked about can speak English well.
5. This is the most difficult job __________ we”ve ever done.
6. This is the cleverest man __________ I”ve ever known.
7. I bought all __________ was necessary.
8. The old gentleman __________ you met just now is a famous writer.
9. The girl to __________ I lent my bike works in a hospital.
10. All __________ come are welcome.
11. This is the girl __________ songs you heard last night.
12. She was the brave girl __________ name is known to everybody here.
13. Thank you for the help __________ you”ve done for me.
14. This radio set __________ we have had for two years is a good one.
15. The next question __________ I found difficult to answer was put to me by Mary.

二、将下列句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句.
16. He is the young writer．He wrote the book．
17．Do you know the doctor?
He comes here once a month and examines the workers．
18．The foreign guest is Mr．Green．
You saw him at the school gate．
19．He is the new head．
I was talking about him this morning．
20．I”ve received the book．
Father sent it to me.

21．The factory has got one success after another．
We visited the factory last week．
22．What”s the name of the girl?
Her grandpa took part in the Long March．
23．The man looks like the actor．
I”ve heard his songs on TV．
24．This letter is from my elder brother．
He serves in the army．
25．Do you see the bridge?
It was built last year．
26．The old man is a professor．
He teaches chemistry in a college．
27．We visited the singer yesterday．
Her performances we all like very much．
28．The old worker is still working hard with us．
His hair has turned gray．
29．The bike was not good．
You wanted to buy it．
30．The medicine didn”t help me．
Dr．Chang had given it．
31．The exercise is wrong．
We did it last night．
32．The woman is here now．
You were talking about her．
33．The bus was the wrong one．
Xiao Li was running after it．
34．The wallet has been found．
Mr．Hopkins was looking for it．
35．The recorder has been stolen．
Wang spent all the money on it．
答案
1. who/that 2. that 3. that/which 4. whom/that 5. that
6. that 7. that 8. whom/that 9. whom 10. that
11. whose 12. whose 13. which/that 14. which/that 15. that
16. He is the young writer who wrote the book.
17. Do you know the doctor who comes here once a month and examines the workers?
18. The foreign guest whom you see at the school gate is Mr. Green.
19. He is the new head whom I was talking about this morning.
20. I”ve received the book which father sent to me.
21. The factory which we visited last week has got one success after another.
22. What is the name of the girl whose grandpa took part in the Long March?
23. The man looks like the actor whose songs I”ve heard on TV.
24. This letter is from my elder brother who serves in the army.
25. Do you see the bridge which was built last year?
26. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.
27. We visited the singer yesterday whose performances we all like very much.
28. The old worker whose hair has turned grey is still working hard with us.
29. The bike which you wanted to buy was not good.
30. The medicine which Dr. Chang had given didn”t help me.
31. The exercise which we did last night is wrong.
32. The woman whom you were talking about is here now.
33. The bus which Xiao Li was running after is the wrong one.
34. The wallet which Mr. Hopkins was looking after has been found.

35. The recorder on which we spent all our money has been stolen.