英文日本京都的介绍

英文日本京都的介绍
英文日本京都的介绍

英文日本京都的介绍
Capital of Japan from 794 through 1868, Kyoto today is a small city with tremendous cultural assets. The population is 1.4 million and has its share of concrete, but don't blame the American military for its despoilation. Out of consideration for its artistic treasures, the city was spared both the incendiary bombs and atomic bombs that devastated the rest of Japan. Surrounded on three sides by mountains and cut through by rivers, a typical view of Kyoto will include both the manmade and the natural

Kyoto (kyō'tō) , city (1990 pop. 1,461,140), capital of Kyoto prefecture, S Honshu, Japan, on the Kamo River. Yodo is its port. Kyoto is one of Japan's largest cities and an important cultural and spi...

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Kyoto (kyō'tō) , city (1990 pop. 1,461,140), capital of Kyoto prefecture, S Honshu, Japan, on the Kamo River. Yodo is its port. Kyoto is one of Japan's largest cities and an important cultural and spiritual center. It is a key city in Japan's transportation system, and it is a major center of tourism. Industries, which are mainly traditional, include machines, chemicals, textiles, and food processing. The city is famous for its cloisonné, bronzes, damascene work, porcelain, and lacquer ware, and its renowned silk industry dates from 794. Founded in the 8th cent. as Uda and named Heian-kyo when it became Japan's capital in 794, the city was popularly called Miyako or Kyoto (sometimes Kioto). After 1192 it lost its political power to Tokyo; but since 1868, when the latter became the official capital, Kyoto has often been referred to as Saikyo [western capital]. For centuries it has been the cultural heart of Japan; it contains magnificent art treasures and is the seat of Kyoto Univ., Doshisha Univ. (founded in 1873 as an American mission college), and other higher educational institutions. The Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art, the Kyoto National Museum, and an excellent concert hall are also there. Rich in historic interest, Kyoto is the site of the tombs of many famous Japanese; the old imperial palace as well as Nijo Castle (former palace of the shoguns), with their fine parks and gardens, are also in the city. In addition, Kyoto is a religious center, noted especially for its ancient Buddhist temples, its Heian shrine (a Shinto holy place), and its 59-ft (18-m) statue (daibutsu) of Buddha.
Kyoto prefecture (1990 pop. 2,602,520), 1,784 sq mi (4,621 sq km), is covered predominantly by the Tamba Mountains, and is centered principally in the region of the city of Kyoto. It had the largest industrial production of any prefecture in Japan until World War II. Other important cities include Uji, Fukuchiyama, and Maizuru.
Culture
Kyoto is considered the cultural center of Japan. During World War II when firebombing was conducted throughout the country, Kyoto and its 1600 Buddhist temples, 400 Shinto shrines, palaces, gardens and architecture were spared, leaving it one of the best preserved cities in Japan. The Kyoto area has some of the most famous temples, shrines, palaces and gardens in Japan, including:
Kiyomizu-dera, a magnificent wooden temple supported by pillars off the slope of a mountain;
Kinkaku-ji, the Golden Pavilion;
Ginkaku-ji, the Silver Pavilion;
Heian Jingu, a Shinto shrine celebrating the Imperial family (built in 1895)
Ryoan-ji, famous for its rock garden
Kyoto Imperial Palace, home of the Emperors of Japan for many centuries;
Katsura Imperial Villa, one of Japan's finest architectural treasures;
Shugaku-in Imperial Villa, one of Japan's best Japanese gardens
Other notable sites in and around Kyoto include Arashiyama and its picturesque lake, the Gion and Pontochō geisha quarters, the Philosopher's Walk, and the canals which line some of the older streets.
The "Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto" are listed by the UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. These include the Kamo Shrines (Kami and Shimo), Kyō-ō-Gokokuji (Tōji), Kiyomizu-dera, Daigo-ji, Ninna-ji, Saihō-ji (Kokedera), Tenryū-ji, Rokuon-ji (Kinkaku-ji), Jishō-ji (Ginkaku-ji), Ryōan-ji, Hongan-ji, Kōzan-ji and the Nijo Castle. Other sites outside the city are also on the list.
Kyoto is renowned for its abundance of delicious ethnic foods and cuisine. The history of Kyoto have allowed to retain a variety of vegetables.
Economy
Tourism forms a large base of Kyoto's economy. The city's cultural heritages are constantly visited by school groups from across Japan, and many foreign tourists also stop in Kyoto.
The city's industry is mainly comprised of small plants, most of which are run by artisans who produce traditional Japanese crafts. Kyoto's kimono weavers are particularly renowned, and the city remains the premier center of kimono manufacturing. Such businesses, vibrant in past centuries, have declined in recent years as sales of traditional goods stagnate.
Kyoto's only sizable heavy industry is electronics: the city is home to the headquarters of Nintendo, as well as the headquarters of OMRON, Kyocera (Kyoto Ceramic) and Murata Machinery. The apparel giant Wacoal also operates in Kyoto. However, the growth of high-tech industry has not outpaced the decline in traditional industry, and as a result, Kyoto's total output has declined relative to other cities in Japan.

Campus Plaza KyotoKyoto used to be known as Japan's Hollywood with Toei Uzumasa Eigamura. [1] The Eigamura (also known as Kyoto Studio Park and Toei Movie Land) is also called the "Hollywood of Japan." Many Japanese period movies were shot here. Like Universal Studios, Eigamura is a film set and theme park in one. It features traditional Japanese buildings replica which are used as setting for period movies and TV dramas. Including a replica of the old Nihonbashi Bridge, a traditional court house, a Meiji Period police box and part of the former Yoshiwara red light district. Actual film shooting takes place occasionally, and park visitors are welcome to observe the action.
Other attractions include various performances, a haunted house, a large souvenir shop and exhibitions about popular TV series. Dress up and get photographed service is also available. The choice ranging over 30 attires including samurai, shinsengumi, geisha and ninja attires. The cost varies from 8500 to 16000 Yen. This is certainly a tourist spot not to be missed. [2]
Colleges and universities
Kyoto is known as one of the academic centers of the country, and is home to thirty-seven institutions of higher education. The three largest and best-known local universities are Doshisha University, Kyoto University, and Ritsumeikan University. Among them, Kyoto University is considered to be one of the top universities in Japan, with several Nobel laureates, for example Yukawa Hideki.
Kyoto also has a unique higher education network called the Consortium of Universities in Kyoto, which consists of 3 national, 5 public (prefectural and municipal), and 41 private universities, as well as the city and 4 other organizations. The consortium does not offer a degree; hence is not a federal body like University of London, but offers the courses as part of a degree at participating universities.

The interior of Sanzen'in
Kawaramachi district during Gion Festival
Transportation
The Tōkaidō Shinkansen provides passenger rail service linking Kyoto with Nagoya and Tokyo (in one direction) and with nearby Osaka and points west (in the other direction). The trip from Tokyo takes just over two hours. Another way to access Kyoto is via Kansai International Airport. The Haruka Express carries passengers from the airport to Kyoto Station in 72 minutes. There is also frequent service on JR, Keihan Railway, Hankyu Railway, Kintetsu, and other lines to other cities in the Kansai region.
Kyoto's municipal bus network and subway system (see Kyoto Municipal Transportation Bureau) are extensive. Private carriers also operate within the city. Many tourists join commuters on the public buses, or take taxis or tour buses.
Cycling forms a very important form of personal transportation in the city, to an extent that bicycle culture can be considered a part of Kyoto's urban identity. The geography and scale of the city are such that the city may be easily navigated on a bicycle.
The streets of central Kyoto form a grid. Many large east-west avenues have numbers. Kyoto Station lies between Shichijo and Hachijo (shichi means "seven" and hachi means "eight). Major north-south roads have names such as Karasuma and Horikawa. Kyoto Station is on Karasuma, and the subway system's Karasuma Line follows that street north and south from the station, with stops at many numbered avenues, and also at Imadegawa (a major street). The other line, the Tozai Line, runs east-west partly under Oike Street.
Festivals
Aoi Matsuri - 15 May
Gion Matsuri - June-July, culminating in a massive parade on 17 July
Gozan Okuribi - 16 August
Jidai Matsuri - 22 October
Sports
In football (soccer), Kyoto is represented by Kyoto Purple Sanga who rose to J. League's Division 1 in 2005. With the popularity of the nearby Hanshin Tigers, Kyoto has never had a team in Japanese professional baseball, though the Tigers play several neutral-site games at Kyoto's Nishi Kyogoku stadium every year.
Additionally, Kyoto's high school baseball teams are strong, with Heian and Toba in particular making strong showings recently at the annual tournament held in Koshien Stadium, Nishinomiya, near Osaka.

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