初中英语非谓语的用法

初中英语非谓语的用法
初中英语非谓语的用法

初中英语非谓语的用法
上一讲我们讲了名词,不知道大家课后有没有复习啊?现在是高考复习的重要阶段,千万不能偷懒哦!
这一讲我们将复习动词.内容可能会有些多,而且这一部分也是考试的重点.所以,大家要尽量多抽些时间来复习.
动词的复习要从几个方面来思考：
1、弄清动词的分类：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词.这样可以针对每类动词的特点来进行进一步的复习.
2、动词短语.
3、非谓语动词
首先我们来看看四类动词.第一类是实义动词.这一类动词所含内容比较广.考查点也比较多.
1、单词意思.尤其是近义的动词.
例如：In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _____.
A. admitted B. acknowledged C. absorbed D. considered
在这道题中, 四个选项看起来似乎都符合题意.但是自己比较一下词义,我们就会发现本题应该选D. considered 考虑; admit 承认; absorb 吸收.acknowledge (=agree or admit the truth of; confess) 承认, 供认.
这一部分我们可以参照我们第一阶段的复习.
2、时态.动词的时态是中学英语的一个主要学习内容.一般来说,实义动词被用于16种时态中（参照：动词的16种时态.）我们必须知道动词的变化规则,包括：原型、现在分词、过去分词、过去式以及不定式.这些变化规则可以参照：规则动词的词形变化 不规则英语动词巧记法.
其次是系动词.系动词主要就是be, am, is, are以及它们的相关形式.这一部分的复习要结合名词的单复数和各种时态.此外,被动语态也是其中经常涉及到的问题.这一部分要结合实义动词的过去分词形式来复习.
助动词：协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词.（Auxiliary Verb）.被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）.
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语.
（doesn't是助动词,无词义；like是主要动词,有词义)
2）助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来：
a. 表示时态,b. 表示语态,c. 构成疑问句,
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,e. 加强语气,
最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
对于上面几个助动词的用法我们要仔细地复习.在考试中经常会考到.
对于,情态动词来说,内容比较多,也很重要.我们以前曾经总结分析过.这里就不具体说了.您可以参考：高中情态动词精讲与解析.
接下来我们将谈谈动词短语.
纵观历年的英语高考试题,动词短语一直都是高考的难点,也是热点和重点之一,主要集中在单项填空和完形填空两大题型,考查的重点为动词的固定搭配及辨析.对动词短语的固定搭配的熟记和掌握在学习动词短语中起着极其重要的作用.下面我们简单介绍一下动词短语的含义及其分类.
一、动词短语的概述及分类
动词常与其他词类（多是介词和副词）搭配在一起,构成固定词组,称之为动词短语.一般动词短语可分为以下几类：
1. 及物动词＋介词
这类结构中的介词不能与动词分开,宾语只能放在介词之后.常见短语有：agree with同意……的意见,符合,一致；ask for请求,询问；arrive at／in到达;begin with以……开始;come from来自;feel like想要;fall behind落在……后面;fall off掉下;get to到达;get on上(车) .
【考题例析】
If you ___any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.
A. come up with B. set about C. run into D. put aside
【解析】答案 C.本题题意为“当你到机场时如果有任何问题,请给我打电话.”come up with 提出,赶上,拿出；set about 开始,着手,散布谣言；run into 遇到；put aside 把……放在一边.
2. 动词＋副词
这类结构中宾语放在副词之前、之后均可,但如果宾语为人称代词,则必须放在副词之前.如果宾语过长,则应放在副词之后.常见短语有：eat up吃光；find out找出,查明；put off 推迟；look out 当心；come out 出版；go off 走火,熄灭；keep out 使不进入.
【考题例析】
Before the war broke out, many people ___in safe places possessions they couldn’t take with them.
A. threw away B. put away C. gave away D. carried away
【解析】 答案 B.本题题意为“在战争爆发之前,许多人把他们不能够带上的财物放在安全的地方.”throw away抛弃,失去；put away把……收起来；give away赠送,放弃；carry away带走,搬去, 冲昏……的头脑.
3. 动词＋副词＋介词
这类结构中,介词的宾语不能置于介词之前.常见短语有be fed up with厌倦；catch up with赶上；go on with继续；get on with与……相处.
【考题例析】
The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to ________ our studies.
A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over
【解析】 答案 A.此题意为“期末考试将至,我们该开始认真学习了.” get down to认真对待,认真考虑；get out出去,泄露；get back for回来,取回,恢复；get over恢复,完成,克服.
4. 动词＋名词＋介词
常见短语有：take care of照料,照顾；make room for给……腾出地方；make friends with与……交朋友；play a joke on戏弄某人；have a look at看一看；have a drink of喝一点；say goodbye to告别；告辞.
【考题例析】
Unfortunately, not everyone has realized the important part the balance of nature their daily life.
A. plays in B. playing C. plays of D. to play in
【解析】 答案 A.本题考查引导定语从句的关系词.解题关键在于识别短语play an important part in…….其中宾语part作先行词,所以定语从句中缺宾语,应用关系代词which /that 引导定语从句,而且可以省略.
5. Be动词＋形容词＋介词
常见短语有：be late for迟到；be angry with生气；be busy with忙于；be short for是……的简称；be interested in对……感兴趣；be famous for因……而著名；be good at擅长；be different from与……不同；be good／bad for对……有益／害；be friendly to对……友好.
【考题例析】
The students studied hard. They were ___for knowledge.
A. worry B. worried C. eager D. curious
【解析】 答案 C.be worried about为……担心； be eager for盼望,渴求；be curious about 对……好奇.根据句意可知答案为C.
6. 动词＋反身代词＋介词
常见短语有：help oneself to 随便吃……；give oneself to 热心于；occupy oneself with 忙于；enjoy oneself 玩得开心；dressed oneself in 穿着；break oneself to (去掉……的习惯＝get rid of ) ；devote oneself to 专心,致力于,献身；throw oneself to 投身于…….
【考题例析】
She devoted herself ____ the problems of the teenagers.
A. in studying B. at studying C. to study D. to studying
【解析】 答案 D.本题考查固定短语devote oneself to 专心,致力于,献身于……,其中to 为介词,所以选D.
二、2005高考真题演练
1. Before building a house, you will have to ___the government's permission. (2005 全国卷II)
A. get from B. follow C. receive D. ask for
2. ---Why does she always ask you for help?
---There is no one else____, is there? (2005 北京卷)
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
3. If it is quite ____to you, I'll visit you next Tuesday.(2005天津卷)
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable
4. His idea of having weekly family meals together,which seemed difficult at first, has ____many good changes in their lives. (2005重庆卷)
A. got through B. resulted from C. turned into D. brought about
5. ---You know, Bob is a little slow____ understanding.
---So I have to be patient ___him. (2005重庆卷)
A. in ; with B. on ; with C. in ; to D. at ; for
6. I couldn’t ____.The line was busy. (2005 浙江卷)
A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through
7. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ___his notes. (2005浙江卷)
A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on
8. The dictionary is being printed and it will soon_____.(2005福建卷)
A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out
9. I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson _____.(2005湖南卷)
A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up
10. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you ____yesterday? ( 2005辽宁卷)
A. tried on B. put on C. had on D. pulled on
【答案与解析】
1. 答案 D.ask for one’s permission 征求某人的允许.
2. 答案 B. turn to sb 转向,求助于某人.此句no one 为先行词,she can turn to 为定语从句.
3. 答案 A.if it is convenient to you,如果你方便的话.
4. 答案 D. get through度过,完成； result from 由于……的原因；bring about 使发生,引起,导致.
5. 答案 A.be patient with sb 为固定短语.意思为：对……很耐心.
6. 答案D.go by 时光流逝；get in 收割;get through 通过,度过,完成.此处句意为“打通电话”.
7. 答案 B.bring up 抚养长大；refer to 提到,查阅,参考；look for 寻找；try on 试穿.
8. 答案 B.turn out 结果是；come out 出来,出版； start out 开始；go out 出去.
9. 答案A. cut in 插嘴; cut down 砍倒; cut out 停止作用; cut up 切碎.
10. 答案 C.try on 试穿; put on 穿上； have on 穿着; pull on 匆匆穿上.
希望大家多多练习.
最后, 我们来看看非谓语动词.
非谓语动词,顾名思义就是不能做谓语的动词,包括不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词.对于非谓语动词我们可以参照：非谓语动词用法比较与高考试题、非谓语动词的不同时态、非谓语动词选择题七十、非谓语动词填空题三十
对于非谓语动词这块,在后期我们还会进行进一步地讲解.