直接引语变为间接引语,动词怎样发生变化,举些例子

直接引语变为间接引语,动词怎样发生变化,举些例子
直接引语变为间接引语,动词怎样发生变化,举些例子

直接引语变为间接引语,动词怎样发生变化,举些例子
你好,我是英语师范学校毕业的,我电脑里有一些关于直接引语转化为间接引语的资料,以前给学生做家教时用到过,复制下来给你看下,希望能够帮助到你哈~
一、如何变人称：
学生在将直接引语变间接引语时.常常弄不清人称变化.下面有一句顺口溜“一随主.二随宾,第三人称不更新”.
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰.从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称.或被第二人称所修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致.如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称,如：
He said to Kate, "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then.
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化.如：
Mr Smith said,"Jack is a good worker."→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker.
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整.
现在时需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态.如：
1)She said,"I have lost a pen."→ She said she had lost a pen.
2)She said,"We hope so."→ She said they hoped so.
3) She said,"He will go to see his friend."→She said he would go to see his friend.
但要注意在以下几种情况下,在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化.
①直接引语是客观真理
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.”the teacher told me. → The teacher told me that the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变.如：
Jack said, "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→ Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变.如：
Xiao Wang said, "I was born on April 2l, 1980." →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.
④直接引语如果是一般现在时,表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变.如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning." →He said he gets up at six every morning.
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to, had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时,（例：could, should, would, might）时态不再变.如：
Peter said,"You had better come here today." →Peter said I had better go there that day.
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规律,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before）地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：
He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his.
四、如何变句型：
①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句.如：She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven’t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"he asked. →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）.
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型.如：
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）.”如：
He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.