八下英语现在完成时I bought this book two months ago.(同义句)I have (had)this book (for)two mouths/()two months ago.It () two months () i () this book
来源:学生作业帮助网 编辑:六六作业网 时间:2024/12/24 11:20:31
八下英语现在完成时I bought this book two months ago.(同义句)I have (had)this book (for)two mouths/()two months ago.It () two months () i () this book
八下英语现在完成时
I bought this book two months ago.(同义句)
I have (had)this book (for)two mouths/()two months ago.
It () two months () i () this book
八下英语现在完成时I bought this book two months ago.(同义句)I have (had)this book (for)two mouths/()two months ago.It () two months () i () this book
I have had this book for two months
I have had this book since two months ago.
It has been two months since I bought this book
一、现在完成时的构成
(一)肯定式
主语+助动词have /has +过去分词+其它
说明:这里的have /has是助动词,没有什么具体意义.当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have. has,have的缩略式分别为's或've.规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样,不规则动词可参看不规则动词表.实例:
1)I've just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词. (表示不要再抄了)
2)She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书. (表示到目前为止还没有找到)
(如果用过去时:She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作,而不知现在有没有找到)
3)We've just cleaned the classroom .我们刚好打扫了教室.(表明现在教室是干净的)
(二)否定式
主语+助动词have /has+not+过去分词+其它
说明:现在完成时构成否定句时,只需在助动词have /has后面加not就行.have not,has not的缩略式分别为haven't ,hasn't.另外,肯定句中有some,already时,改为否定时要分别改成any,yet.实例:
1)I haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业.
2)She hasn't travelled on a train .她没有坐火车旅行过.
3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话.
注:有时not可以用never代替,表示“从来没有”的意思.又如:
4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他.
(三)一般疑问式
助动词Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它 ?
说明:把陈述句中的have或has放到句首,句末打问号,同时把句中的some ,already改为any ,ye t就构成了一般疑问句.肯定回答用“Yes ,主语+have/has.否定回答用“No,主语+haven't/hasn't.”有时也可以用“No,not yet./No ,never./No,not even once.”等.实例:
1)—Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾经做过饺子吗?
—Yes ,I have .是的,我做过.
2)—Has she ever been abroad ?她曾经出过国吗?
—No,never.不,从来没有.
3)—Have they found the lost books yet ?他们已经找到了丢失的书吗?
—Yes ,they have.是的,他们找到了.
注意:当句中有否定词not ,hardly(几乎不),never的时候,在改为反意疑问句时,附加部分用肯定形式.例如:You have never come to our school ,have you ?你以前从来没有来过我们学校,是吗?
二、现在完成时的用法
(一)现在完成时的用法1:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.此时,常与时间副词already(已经) ,yet(还、已经) ,just(刚刚、仅仅) ,ever(曾经) ,never(从不) ,before(以前)等连用.这几个副词的用法如下:
1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末.实例:
1)I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了.
(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”.)
2)I've washed my clothes already.我已经洗了衣服.
(洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”.)
注意:在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already也可用于(口语)疑问句中.实例:
3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已经见过他了?
2.yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中意为“还”,常放在句末.实例:
1)—Has he found his watch yet ?他已经找到他的手表了吗?
—No,not yet.不,还没有.
2)The woman hasn't found her dog yet .
那位妇女还没有找到她的狗.(没找到狗,心里着急,这就是对现在的影响)
3.just意为“刚刚”,表示行为刚刚过去,常放在助动词与过去分词之间.实例:
He has just come back from school .他刚从学校回来.
4.ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间.实例:
1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去过香港吗?
2)I haven't ever spoken to her.我未曾和她说过话.
5.never意为“从来没有”常与before连用(before要放在句尾,而never多放在助动词与过去分词之间.实例:
I have never travelled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过.
6.before意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制.实例:
1)Have you been to Hainan before ?你以前去过海南吗?
2)I haven't eaten Guangdong food before.我以前没吃过广东菜.
(二)现在完成时用法二2——持续性用法(肯定句,疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词):表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态.此时常与“for +一段时间或“since+过去的点时间或从句(从句用一般过去时)以及so far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用.
for + 段时间
since +点时间
实例:
1)I've lived here since 1990.自从1990年以来我就住在这里.
= I've lived here since 13 years ago.
= I've lived here for 13 years.
= It is 13 years since I began to live here.
2)I haven't seen him for three years .我三年没有看见他了.
= I haven't seen him since three years ago
= I haven't seen him since 2000.
= It is 3 years since I saw him last time.
3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city .
自从到这个城市以来,王先生一直在这家工厂工作.
4)She's been at this school since five years ago.
自从五年前以来她就在这个学校.
注意:①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词.短暂性动词由于动作不能持续,故不能与for(达到;累计)或since(自从.到现在)引出的时间状语连用.
②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long
1) 他入团两年了.
误:He has joined the League for two years.
正:He has been a League member for two years.
2)我买这辆自行车三年了.
误:I have bought this bike for three years.
正:I have had this bike for three years.
It has been 2 months since i bought this book.