英语翻译Estimates display a positive influence of shared standards on trade.For importer-specific standards,results differ across sectors.Their influence seems to be negative for agriculture,while it is positive for manufactured goods.Moenius (20

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英语翻译Estimatesdisplayapositiveinfluenceofsharedstandardsontrade.Forimporter-specificstandards,results

英语翻译Estimates display a positive influence of shared standards on trade.For importer-specific standards,results differ across sectors.Their influence seems to be negative for agriculture,while it is positive for manufactured goods.Moenius (20
英语翻译
Estimates display a positive influence of shared standards on trade.For importer-specific standards,results differ across sectors.Their influence seems to be negative for agriculture,while it is positive for manufactured goods.Moenius (2006) confirms the negative impact of importer-specific standards on agricultural trade flows.A negative effect is now obtained for shared standards.Focusing on EU harmonization of technical regulations in the food industry,Henry de Frahan and Vancauteren (2006) suggest that harmonization has contributed to more intra-EU trade.Finally,quantity-impact measures are also used by Fontagne,Mimouni,and Pasteels (2005) for estimating the trade’s effect of SPS and TBTs.Their study covers all notifications compiled up to 2001 and controls for tariffs.While their results suggest a predominance of negative impacts of SPS and TBTs on trade of fresh and processed food,they show insignificant or even positive impacts for most of the manufactured products.

英语翻译Estimates display a positive influence of shared standards on trade.For importer-specific standards,results differ across sectors.Their influence seems to be negative for agriculture,while it is positive for manufactured goods.Moenius (20
评估在共享标准方面起了积极地作用.对于进口的特别标准,不同的部分所得出的结果会有所不同.他们似乎对农业方面有负面的影响,但同时对于制造业来说却有积极的影响.Moenius（2006）证实对于特别进口标准下的农业交易的负面影响变大了.现在对于共享标准来说,消极作用开始显现.把焦点放在欧盟食品技术一体化的Henry de Frahan and Vancauteren (2006)建议说,一体化更有利于欧盟内部贸易.最后,Fontagne,Mimouni,and Pasteels (2005)也采用品质鉴定来评估SPS和TBT在贸易方面的影响.他们的研究涵盖了从2001开始的所有相关报告和关税报表.虽然他们的研究结果显示SPS和TBT在生鲜和加工是怕贸易方面主要起了消极的作用,他们的结果对于大部分的加工食品来说都没有什么有意义的,甚至有益的影响.

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估计显示一个共同的标准对贸易产生积极的影响。如进口特定的标准，结果会有所不同部门。他们的影响力似乎是对农业产生不利，当它是一个积极的制成品。 Moenius（2006）确认了进口商的负面影响，农业贸易流动的具体标准。阿负面影响现在获得的共同标准。欧盟在食品行业技术法规协调为重点，亨利德弗拉昂和Vancauteren（2006年）表明，统一作出了贡献更多的欧盟内部贸易。最后，数量影响的措施也使用Fontagne，米穆尼和Pasteels（2005）估计贸易的卫生和植物检疫和贸易技术壁垒的影响。他们的研究范围包括编制至2001年的关税控制所有通知。虽然他们的结果表明了SPS和对新鲜和加工食品贸易的贸易技术壁垒的负面影响的优势，这些都显示微不足道或对大部分制造业产品更积极的影响。

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