英语翻译Two types of tissues can be transplanted,regenerative tissue and nonregenerativetissue.They can be transplanted in two ways:from a livedonor or from a cadaveric donation (that is,from a person who has died).Live donationsRegenerative tiss

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英语翻译Twotypesoftissuescanbetransplanted,regenerativetissueandnonregenerativetissue.Theycanbetransplan

英语翻译Two types of tissues can be transplanted,regenerative tissue and nonregenerativetissue.They can be transplanted in two ways:from a livedonor or from a cadaveric donation (that is,from a person who has died).Live donationsRegenerative tiss
英语翻译
Two types of tissues can be transplanted,regenerative tissue and nonregenerative
tissue.They can be transplanted in two ways:from a live
donor or from a cadaveric donation (that is,from a person who has died).
Live donations
Regenerative tissue,which includes blood and bone marrow,can be
donated by anyone and there are no restrictions on who can receive it.
This is the most common type of transplant from a live donor and carries
very low risk.
Kidneys,lungs and liver are non-regenerative tissues and the transplant of
these is less common although its frequency is increasing.The number of
donors restricts the number of transplants and the donors are usually
restricted to blood relatives or people who are emotionally linked — for
example,husband and wife.High risks for the donor are associated with
this type of donation.It involves invasive surgery with its potential for
associated problems.
In all transplant situations there needs to be matching of tissue type.
Blood ABO blood group + rh factor + cross-matching to ensure that
the recipient does not have antibodies for any antigens in
donated tissue.If antibodies are present,the chances of
rejection are greatly increased.
Platelets ABO blood group + tissue type compatibility
Bone marrow ABO blood group + tissue type compatibility + cross-matching
Kidney ABO blood group + tissue type compatibility + cross-matching
Liver ABO blood group + size
Lungs ABO blood group + size + cross-matching when antibodies are
detected
Heart ABO blood group + size
Cadaveric donation
Most people die because their heart stops beating and the circulation of
blood and,therefore,oxygen around their body ceases and cannot be
restarted.When tissues are starved of oxygen,irreversible changes take
place within them that make them unusable for donation.The kidney is the
organ least affected by these changes but 40 minutes after circulation has
ceased,it can no longer be used.Structural or connective tissues,such as
bone,tendon and heart valves,can be recovered in some cases since they
are less affected by oxygen deficit than softer tissue
Tissues for transplantation usually come from people who have been
declared brain dead.This often occurs as a result of head injury or stroke,
and the person is in hospital on a ventilator when brain function ceases.
The heart can be kept beating,thus maintaining circulation for one to two
days following brain death.This provides time for decisions to be made
about the organ donation and for recovery of the organ.
Once consent for donation has been given,a national database is searched
for recipients who could receive the organ.Blood group,size,tissue type
and cross-matching are considered.A delicate surgical procedure ensures
that organs are not damaged in any way when removed from the donor.Highly trained technicians collect tissues.Any wounds are closed,

英语翻译Two types of tissues can be transplanted,regenerative tissue and nonregenerativetissue.They can be transplanted in two ways:from a livedonor or from a cadaveric donation (that is,from a person who has died).Live donationsRegenerative tiss
Two types of tissues can be transplanted, regenerative tissue and nonregenerative tissue. They can be transplanted in two ways: from a live
donor or from a cadaveric donation (that is, from a person who has died).
有两种细胞组织可以进行移植,再生与非再生组织.移植方式有两种：来自活体捐赠或尸样捐赠（就是来自死人的捐献）.
Live donations 活体捐赠
Regenerative tissue, which includes blood and bone marrow, can be donated by anyone and there are no restrictions on who can receive it. This is the most common type of transplant from a live donor and carries very low risk.
Kidneys, lungs and liver are non-regenerative tissues and the transplant of these is less common although its frequency is increasing. The number of donors restricts the number of transplants and the donors are usually restricted to blood relatives or people who are emotionally linked — for example, husband and wife. High risks for the donor are associated with this type of donation. It involves invasive surgery with its potential for associated problems.
任何人都可以捐献包括血液与骨髓的再生细胞组织,而且受捐者的身份也不受限制.这是源自活供者最普通的移植类型,风险极低.
肾、肺及肝是非再生组织,虽然这类型的移植频率正在增加,但次数相对还是比较少的.器官捐献的人数限制了移植手术次数,而且捐献者通常只局限于有血缘关系的亲戚或有感情关系如夫妻.这类捐赠对捐献者的风险很高；因为它涉及潜在关联难题的入侵性外科手术.
In all transplant situations there needs to be matching of tissue type. Blood ABO blood group + rh factor + cross-matching to ensure that the recipient does not have antibodies for any antigens in donated tissue. If antibodies are present, the chances of rejection are greatly increased.
Platelets ABO blood group + tissue type compatibility
Bone marrow ABO blood group + tissue type compatibility + cross-matching
Kidney ABO blood group + tissue type compatibility + cross-matching
Liver ABO blood group + size
Lungs ABO blood group + size + cross-matching when antibodies are detected
Heart ABO blood group + size
所有的移植手术都需要有匹配的组织类型.为了确保受捐者对捐献细胞组织的抗原不会产生抗体,因此必须进行ABO血型的血液+血因子+ 交叉试验.如果辨识到抗体的存在,捐赠组织被拒的几率将极大地提高.
血小板的ABO血型 + 组织型的兼容性
骨髓的ABO血型 + 组织型的兼容性 + 交叉配比
肾的ABO血型 + 组织型的兼容性 + 交叉配比
肝的ABO血型 + 体积
肺的ABO血型 + 体积 + 交叉配比,当检测到抗体存在
心脏的ABO血型 + 体积
Cadaveric donation 尸样捐赠
Most people die because their heart stops beating and the circulation of blood and, therefore, oxygen around their body ceases and cannot be restarted. When tissues are starved of oxygen, irreversible changes take place within them that make them unusable for donation. The kidney is the organ least affected by these changes but 40 minutes after circulation has ceased, it can no longer be used. Structural or connective tissues, such as bone, tendon and heart valves, can be recovered in some cases since they are less affected by oxygen deficit than softer tissue
大多数人的死亡是因为他们的心脏已停止,血液循环与全身的氧气停止流动且不能再启动.当组织缺氧,其内部将发生不可扭转的变化而导致不能用于捐献.肾是受这种变化影响最少的器官,但也只能在血液停止循环后维持40分钟.在某些情况,结构或结缔组织如骨骼、肌腱及心脏瓣膜可以被挽回,因为它们受缺氧的影响比软组织较低.
Tissues for transplantation usually come from people who have been declared brain dead. This often occurs as a result of head injury or stroke, and the person is in hospital on a ventilator when brain function ceases. The heart can be kept beating, thus maintaining circulation for one to two days following brain death. This provides time for decisions to be made about the organ donation and for recovery of the organ.
移植所用的组织通常来自被宣布脑死亡的人.导致这种结果多数是头部受损或中风的人,脑部停止运作躺在医院以呼吸机维持生命.他的心脏可以继续跳动,因此脑死亡后循环得以继续一至两天.这给器官捐赠的决定与提取提供时间.
Once consent for donation has been given, a national database is searched for recipients who could receive the organ. Blood group, size, tissue type and cross-matching are considered. A delicate surgical procedure ensures that organs are not damaged in any way when removed from the donor. Highly trained technicians collect tissues. Any wounds are closed,
一旦获得捐献许可,将会通过全国的资料库寻找器官的受赠者；血型、器官的大小、组织类型及交叉配比都给予考虑.为了确保从捐献者切取的器官不受到任何损伤,必须有一套精细的外科程序,专业技术人员收集组织,缝闭所有的任何伤口.
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【英语牛人团】

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