用英语谈谈你对我过航天事业的了解

用英语谈谈你对我过航天事业的了解
用英语谈谈你对我过航天事业的了解

用英语谈谈你对我过航天事业的了解
航天事业发展时间表
Timeline of China's space industry
Starting from 1956, China's space industry has realized great achievements. Here is a timetable of the country's space industry.
October 8, 1956: The Fifth Academy of the National Defense Ministry -- the country's first rocket research institution – was founded, symbolizing the birth of the Chinese space industry.
July 19, 1964: The first biological rocket was launched, carrying white mice into space.
April 1, 1968: Institute of Space Medico-Engineering was established, initiating the selection and training of astronauts and the manned space flight medical engineering research.
April 24, 1970: First artificial Earth satellite -- Dong Fang Hong-1 Satellite -- was launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center as China joins the former Soviet Union, America, France and Japan as the fifth country to launch satellites.
November 26, 1975: The launch and recovery of the first recoverable satellite makes China the third country to master this technology.
1979: Yuanwang-1 ocean-going tracking ship was commissioned, making China the fourth country to possess such a vessel.
1985: The Long March rocket series began to initiate commercial launch programs. In 1990, Long March 3 launched the first foreign satellite -- the U.S.-built AsiaSat 1.
1988: Ministry of Aerospace Industry was founded.
1992: The Chinese manned space program was officially adopted.
From 1990 to 2002, China launched four unmanned spaceships (Shenzhou 1 to Shenzhou 4), laying solid foundations for future manned spacecraft.
October 15, 2003: The launch of its first manned aircraft -- Shenzhou 5 -- sent one astronaut into space. The 21-hour flight allowed China to become the third country to independently conduct manned space flights, following the Soviet Union and the United States.
October 12, 2005: Shenzhou 6 manned aircraft was launched, sending two astronauts into space.
October 24, 2007: The first unmanned lunar orbiter -- Chang'e 1-- was launched, making China the fifth country to master this technology.
2009: The first Mars probe is scheduled to be launched in a joint mission with Russia in October 2009.
http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90781/90876/6472348.html
未来7年的计划
BEIJING, July 25 (Xinhua) -- China aims to attain the world level in space technology development by building a comprehensive aerospace industry by 2015, the country's Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASTC) said here on Friday.
According to a blueprint released by the state-owned company, CASTC was to set up four more scientific research and production bases including Tianjin, Inner Mongolia and Hainan. The move would enable China to have eight space industry bases nationwide.
At present, it has four bases respectively in Beijing, Shanghai, Shanxi and Sichuan.
"The new format will benefit the local economy and society, especially when it becomes part of the strategic development of north China's Bohai region, south China's Pearl River Delta, and the country's western area," said Ma Xingrui, the space group general manager.
CASTC's chief goal was to provide a package of service to its customers, including research, production, testing and other technology and services.
"By 2015, the CASTC would take up 10 percent of the international commercial satellite market, and 15 percent of the world commercial space launch service market," the blueprint said.
In May last year, the company sent a Nigerian communication satellite into space, creating a breakthrough for China satellite exports.
According to the CASTC 2015 planning, China would also launch services in fields such as satellite management, capital investment related to the space industry, and aerospace information software, among others.
Founded in 1999, CASTC has served as the leading research and production group to build up the country's aerospace and missile systems.
Through last year, it had carried out 50 successful spacecraft launches via its Long March series of rocket carriers, sending 43 domestically-developed satellites, six spaceships and one lunar probe into orbit.
Upon the completion of two manned space trips in 2003 and 2005,respectively, the next trip, the Shenzhou VII, is expected to be launched in October.
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http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?p=25051158

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Space Industry of China (1956-1996)

On Oct. 8th, 1956, the founding of China's first rocket research institution—the fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense saw the birth of the ...

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Space Industry of China (1956-1996)

On Oct. 8th, 1956, the founding of China's first rocket research institution—the fifth Academy of the Ministry of National Defense saw the birth of the China's space industry. The Academy worked by means of "self-dependency, seeking foreign assistance and taking advantage of developed countries existing techniques".
Based on 1957 New Technique Convention signed between China and former USSR, the former USSR would help China develop rocket research, establish testing institutes and clone USSR-made missiles by 1960. After former USSR experts withdrew and all assistance ceased, the first short range ground-to-ground missile modeled by China was successfully launched on November 5th 1960, marking a milestone in the history of Chinese rocket technology. The successful launch of the country's first self-developed liquid propulsion rocket in February 1962 was a key step in the history of China's space industry.
In June of 1964, the first self-developed ballistic missile was successfully launched, bringing the space industry to a new stage of development.
On November 23th, 1964, the State Council decided to set up the seventh Ministry of Machine-Building Industries. In April 1970, a Long March 1 rocket successfully launched the nation's first man-made satellite, Dongfanghong 1 and China became the fifth country capable of launching their own satellites with their own rockets.
In November 1975, a Long March 2 rocket successfully launched China's first recoverable satellite and the country became the third with the capacity to launch recoverable satellites, after America and the former USSR.
On April 13th, 1982, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China announced their desire for a Ministry of Space Industry. On July 5th, 1988, the Ministry of Aerospace Industry was founded. In June of 1993, China Aerospace Industry Corporation (National Space Bureau) was founded in Beijing.
By 1998, 16 recoverable satellites had been successfully launched by China, with a 100% recovery rate, which is a rare accomplishment for any space program.
In April 1984, a Long March 3 carrier rocket successfully launched the first domestically built communications satellite into geosynchronous orbit. This was taken as confirmation that China's carrier rocket technology had advanced to international levels. In October of the following year, it was announced that Chinese rockets had entered the international market, and were available to launch foreign satellites. In April of 1990, a Long March 3 rocket successfully launched the AsiaSat 1 satellite built by America's Hughes Company for Asia Satellite Telecommunications Holdings Limited. This was China's first commercial launch of a foreign satellite. When in May 1998, a modified Long March 2C rocket was successfully launched for the fourth time from the Taiyuan satellite launch center, China's competence in the commercial market place for medium and low-earth satellite launches was confirmed.
As of 1998, the Long March series of carrier rockets developed by China for commercial spaceflight included Long March 1, Long March 2, Long March 2C, Long March 3, Long March 4 and Long March E (Strap-on). The series has successfully launched a range of satellites with such applications as scientific exploration and technological experiment, remote sensing, meteorology, telecommunications and broadcasting. China has successfully made 44 space launches, and 50 man-made earth satellites were launched, including 17 from countries such as the US, Sweden, Australia, Pakistan, the Philippines, etc. China is at or near world levels in some important sectors of space technology.
For example, China is the third country capable of recovering satellites. China has mastered low-temperature and high-efficiency rocket technology, at the cutting edge of the technology. Rocket strap-on technology is one of the techniques necessary in developing large scale launch vehicles, and China has employed such technique since developing the large carrier rocket "Long March-2E". The initial "Long March 2E" was successfully launched in 1990. China is also one of the few countries capable of launching geostationary satellites, as well as launching more multiple satellites with only one rocket. China has formed a satellite observing and controlling network, the main part of which is the Xi'an Satellite Center, which handles observation and communication, and which also includes a dozen of surface-based observing stations and ocean-going tracking and measuring ships. At the same time, three satellite launch centers have been established in Jiuquan, Taiyuan and Xichang, which are capable of fulfilling the launch of various kinds of Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, sun-synchronous satellites and geosynchronous satellites. China has made worthy contributions in the peaceful development of space technology.
By early 1994, a whole set of systems had been formed for the design, development, manufacturing and testing of satellites. Among the 270,000 employees, 40,000 are senior professionals, and 30 percent are engineers and researchers.
In 1994, in order to improve quality assurance, China Aviation Company pronounced March 22 "Aerospace Quality Day" to ensure problems do not arise in technology and management.
In 1996, China promoted a "responsible project managers system" in satellite development. Project managers are responsible for making technological decisions, directing administration, discipline and praise as well as domestic centralized project coordinating. This is an important reform in the managing mechanism of Chinese space technology.

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