英语翻译车刀、车床、先进制造等等都行我就30分都给你了

英语翻译车刀、车床、先进制造等等都行我就30分都给你了
英语翻译
车刀、车床、先进制造等等都行我就30分都给你了

英语翻译车刀、车床、先进制造等等都行我就30分都给你了
Gear Materials (Reading Material)
齿轮材料（阅读材料）
Gears are manufactured from a wide variety of materials, both metallic as well as nonmetallic.
齿轮由多种种类的材料制造,包括金属材料和非金属材料.
As is the case with all materials used in design, the material chosen for a particular gear should be the cheapest available that will ensure satisfactory performance.
在设计中可以使用多种材料的情况下,对于特定齿轮,应当做到选用满足使用要求下的最便宜的材料.
Before a choice is made, the designer must decide which of several criteria is most important to the problem at hand.
在作出选择前,设计师必须决定在众多设计准则中哪个是当前最重要的.
If high strength is the prime consideration, a steel should usually be chosen rather than cast iron.
如果高强度是第一要考虑的因素,通常就选择钢材而不选择铸铁.
If wear resistance is the most important consideration, a can be made, for problems involving noise reduction, nonmetallic. Materials perform better than metallic ones.
如果耐磨性是最重要的因素,可以选用非金属材料要比金属材料更好,同时也可以解决降低噪声的问题.
However, as is true in most design problems, the final choice of a material is usually a compromise.
然而,在大部分实际设计问题中,对材料的最终决定往往是一个折衷的方案.
In other words, the material chosen will conform reasonably well to all the requirements mentioned previously, although it will not necessarily be the best in any one area.
换句话说,材料的选择要考虑到合理的达到所有的预定要求,尽管这样就不能在其中任何一方面达到最好.
To conclude this discussion we will consider the characteristics of various metallic and nonmetallic gear materials according to their general classifications.
为了总结这次讨论,我们将按照通常的分类来考虑多种金属和非金属齿轮材料所具有的特性.
Cast Irons
铸铁
Cast iron is one of the most commonly used gear materials.
铸铁是最常用的齿轮材料之一.
Its low cost, ease of casting, good machinability, high wear resistance, and good noise abatement property make it a logical choice.
它具有低成本,铸造性好,机械加工性能好,高耐磨性,以及高减噪性的特点,这些特点使铸铁成为一个合适的选择对象.
The primary disadvantage of cast iron as a gear material is its low tensile strength, which makes the gear tooth weak in bending and necessitates rather large teeth.
铸铁主要的缺点是,作为一种齿轮材料,铸铁的抗拉强度很低,这使得轮齿的抗弯强度很弱而且不能造出很大的轮齿.
Another type of cast iron is nodular iron, which is made of cast iron to which a material such as magnesium or cerium has been added.
另一种类型的铸铁是球墨铸铁,是在普通铸铁中加入了镁或者铈制成的.
The result of this alloying is a material having a much higher tensile strength while retaining the good wear and machining characteristics of ordinary cast iron.
这种合金的特点是既具有高的抗拉强度,又保持了普通铸铁的高耐磨性和优秀的机械加工性能.
Very often the combination of cast iron gear and a steel pinion will give a well balanced design with regard to cost, strength, and wear.
通常,铸铁大齿轮和钢制小齿轮的组合能够在成本、强度和耐磨性之间达到较好的平衡.
问题补充：Steel gear are usually made of pain carbon steels or alloy steels.
钢制齿轮通常由碳钢或者合金钢制造.
They have the advantage, over cast iron, of higher strength without undue increase in cost.
它们具有比铸铁更高的强度,同时又没有是成本过高的增加.
However, they usually require heat treatment to produce a surface hard enough to give satisfactory resistance to wear.
然而,它们通常需要经过热处理,以生成表面的硬化层来达到足够的耐磨性.
Unfortunately, the heat treatment process usually produces distortion of the gear, with the result that gear load is not uniformly distributed across the gear tooth face.
不幸的是,热处理过程通常会使齿轮发生扭曲和形变,这样齿轮上的载荷就不能均匀的分布到轮齿的表面.
Since alloy steels are subject to less distortion due to heat treatment than carbon steels, they are often chosen in preference to the carbon steels.
合金钢具有变形量小的特点,因此比碳钢更适合热处理,它们通常比碳钢使用的更多.
Although it is not the purpose here to discuss the various heat treatment methods and their effect on the properties of materials so treated, the designer should be aware of
possible problems arising from the use of heat treated materials.
尽管这里讨论的目的不是热处理的方法和这些方法在材料上产生的不同影响,设计师仍然应当认识到对不用热处理材料的选择可能带来的各种问题.

说个关于仿行车床和自动车床的文章吧.那是我帮一个朋友翻译之后的结果:
Trace lathes are machine tools with attachments that are capable of turning parts with various contours. also called duplicating lathes or contouring lathes, th...

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说个关于仿行车床和自动车床的文章吧.那是我帮一个朋友翻译之后的结果:
Trace lathes are machine tools with attachments that are capable of turning parts with various contours. also called duplicating lathes or contouring lathes, the cutting tool follows a path that duplicates the contour of the template, similar to a pencil following the shape of a plastic template used in engineering drawing. a tracer finger follows the template and, through a hydraulic or electrical system, guides the cutting tool along the workpiece without operator intervention. operations performed on a tracer lathe have been largely replaced by numerical-control lathes and turning centers (section 24.2)
lathes have been increasingly automated over the years . manual machine controls have been replaced by various mechanisms that enable cutting operations to follow a certain prescribed sequence . in a fully automatic machine ,parts are fed and removed automatically ,whereas in semiautomatic machines, these functions are performed by the operator
Automatic lathes, which may have a horizontal or vertical spindle and do not have tailstocks, are also called chucking machines, or chuckers . they are used for machining individual pieces of regular or irregular shapes, and are available in either single or multiple spindle types. in another type of automatic lathe, the bar stock is fed periodically into the lathe and a part is machined and cut off at the bar. automatic lathes are suitable for medium to high-volume production
仿行车床是一种加工机床,和附加配件一起,能够加工各种轮廓的旋转体. 也可以称为复制车床或者轮廓车床(在国内只叫仿行车床,我只是按字面把这一句翻译出来). 切削刀具跟随着复制模板的外形轮廓移动.类似于用铅笔沿着塑胶模板(曲线模板)的轮廓描绘工程图.仿行指针跟随模板,并且通过液压或者电气系统,不需要操作员干涉的情况下引导切削刀具沿着工件加工.目前仿行车床已经基本被数控车床和车削中心代替.(第24.2)
多年以来,车床已经逐步自动化了.手动控制的机床已经被各种能够按照指定次序执行加工的机制取代.一部全自动的机床,产品可以全自动地被送进和装卸;然而对于半自动机床,某些功能需要人手执行.
自动车床有水平主轴或者立式主轴,但是没有后机座的可以称作卡盘式车床. 他们用于加工个别形状规则或者不规则的产品.而且拥有单一或者多个主轴的类型; 另外一种自动车床,带有自动送料的系统,把条状原料定时地送进车床加工,加工完了之后从条料中切落. 自动车床适合中到高产量的生产.
自动车床有水平主轴或者立式主轴,但是没有后机座的可以称作卡盘式车床. 他们用于加工个别形状规则或者不规则的产品.而且拥有单一或者多个主轴的类型; 另外一种自动车床,带有自动送料的系统,把条状原料定时地送进车床加工,加工完了之后从条料中切落. 自动车床适合中到高产量的生产.

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