有关英语relative clause的问题关於relative clause的问题,我上次看到一句句子,they have one fewer platform upon which to be creative这里面加个upon which是什麽从句?状语还是定语从句还是什麽别的?一般我见的re

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有关英语relativeclause的问题关於relativeclause的问题,我上次看到一句句子,theyhaveonefewerplatformuponwhichtobecreative这里面加

有关英语relative clause的问题关於relative clause的问题,我上次看到一句句子,they have one fewer platform upon which to be creative这里面加个upon which是什麽从句?状语还是定语从句还是什麽别的?一般我见的re
有关英语relative clause的问题
关於relative clause的问题,我上次看到一句句子,they have one fewer platform upon which to be creative这里面加个upon which是什麽从句?状语还是定语从句还是什麽别的?一般我见的relative clause都是加从句但是这个从句后面都没有其他句子成份.我有点不懂,也不知道自己是不是想错了,望达人们解答.

有关英语relative clause的问题关於relative clause的问题,我上次看到一句句子,they have one fewer platform upon which to be creative这里面加个upon which是什麽从句?状语还是定语从句还是什麽别的?一般我见的re
关系从句的理解与翻译
人们习惯称由关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose和关系副词when,where等引导的从句为“定语从句”,认为这种从句的功能同汉语定语相当,只不过英语的定语从句后置,汉语的定语前置罢了.但随着对语言认识的不断深人,人们发现很多这样的从句不能用定语来翻译.让我们先看一例:
1. Kennedy was rushed to a hospital where he died immediately.
若拘泥于“简短的定语从句可译为汉语前置定语”的观点,该句子就可能会被译为:
肯尼迪被急忙送到一家他很快就死的医院.
译文听上去荒谬可笑,仿佛送医院的目的是为了“很快就死”,这显然有悖原意.这里“where”起过渡连接的作用,相当于“and there”,在语义上属另一新层次,绝无修饰,更无限制“怎样的医院”之意.从句中“died”这一动作发生于主句中“was rushed”的动作之后,进一步交待了事情发展的结果.可见,这种结构难用“定语从句”来解释.因此有的语言学家主张将这种句子笼统称为“关系从句”.这种正名有利于我们摆脱“定语”的吏缚,深入分析该类从句形形色色的内在关系.所以,例1应译为:
肯尼迪被急忙送到一家医院,在那里他很快就死了.
让我们再多看几个例子:
2. When he was still a little boy, Jack London wrote some compositions which were praised by his teachers.
杰克·伦敦还是小孩时,他写的一些作文就受到老师的赞赏.
(不宜译为:……他就写受到老师赞扬的作文.)
3. I met the boatman who then took me across the ferry.
我遇到了那位船夫,他将我渡到对岸.
(不宜译为:我遇到那位将我渡到对岸的船夫.)
4. While they were waiting there, a dog from one of the houses down the road began a wild, hoarse howl that continued until a voice called out and hushed him.
他们正在那儿等时,从路边一幢房屋窜出的一条狗开始狂吠不止,直到有人出来喝住,它才停下来.
(不宜译为:……一条狗开始了直到有人出来喝住才停止的狂吠.)
5. In the torchlight,he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkines, our local grocer.
借着电筒的亮光,他看见一个人影,马上认出是当地杂货商比尔·威尔金斯.
(不宜译为:……他看见马上认出的是当地杂货商比尔·威尔金斯的影子.)
我们知道,汉语由于缺乏关系代词、关系连词等连接手段,通常只有以时间或逻辑为轴线安排句子,对语序的依赖性极大,如果把后发生的事做前置定语就会显得很好笑,如“送到一家很快就死的医院”“写受老师赞扬的作文”.而英语的连接手段相当丰富,构成信息焦点的中心词后面可马上由关系代词引导从句补充信息,从句中需补充信息的名词后又衍生出二度、三度……从句,但仍能使人感到句子层次清楚.如:
6. The snake catches the toad that eats the insect that nibbles the green leaves that grow on the branches.
遇到这种一个从句扣一个从句的句子,汉语只有以简驭繁:断句.译为:
蛇吃癞蛤蟆,癞蛤蟆吃虫子,虫子吃生长在树枝上的绿叶子.
此外,读者也许注意到了:在1、2、3、4、5例中,抛开关系代词等结构不管,我们可明显察觉英语、汉语的语序同事件发生的时间顺序基本一致,这无疑是翻译转换的极好基础,只需在关系代词处断句,省掉关系代词,必要的话重复一下名词,照原文顺序翻译即可.那么如果主、从句中谓语的动作是持续性的,或时序不清楚又怎么样呢?请看例句:
7. He is a professor who gives lectures in several universities this semester.
他是教授,这学期在几所大学兼课.
8. All this time I was living with a young married couple who interested me very much, for they were unlike any people had ever known.
这段时期我一直和一对年轻夫妇同住在一块儿,这对夫妇使我很感兴趣,因为他们同我以前所认识的人都不一样.
以上两例中主句传递了主要信息,从句传递了辅助信息,从另一侧面加以补充描述,或提供某种必要的背景知识,关系代词则起停顿、衔接、过渡的作用,使语义发展顺利进人另一层次,我们似乎察觉不到这些从句跟中心词之间有何限制或修饰关系.
有时关系代词和关系副词还体现了主、从句间的某种逻辑关系,不能简单地视为“代替”某个名词而同时接续从句的词.如:
9. In 1906, however, Pierre, who was crossing a road, was run over and killed. (who… ≈ when he…)
1906年,皮埃尔在横穿马路时被车压死了.
10. Dr. Bethune, who was very tired on his arrival, set to work at once. (who was… ≈ though he was)
白求恩大夫刚到时虽然很累,但他立即便开始工作.
11. We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. (whose eyes… ≈ because its eyes…)
我们知道,由于猫眼能比人眼吸收更多的光线,所以猫在夜里也能看得很清楚.
12. He would be a shortsighted commander who merely manned his fortress and did not look beyond. (who… ≈ if he…)
(谁如果)只守城堡而不往远处看,(那他)就是目光短浅的指挥官.
13. There was something original, independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them. (that… ≈ so that the Plan…)
这方案新领,有独创性,有魄力,(所以)他们都喜欢.
以上五例中,关系代词、副词在特定语境表示了时间、让步、原因、条件、结果等逻辑关系,意义上相当于状语从句,翻译时也当然不能译为定语.另外,12、13两句的汉译中括号里的汉字省掉后意思仍然清楚而且显得更简洁、紧凑,这也是我们在翻译时应该考虑的.
传统语法囿于“定语从句”的观念,以关系代词前有无逗号为准,机械地将关系从句分为“限制性定语从句”和“非限制性定语从句”,这是很不全面的.我们应该深人理解原文的深层意思,尊重汉语的习惯,才能翻译出正确、地道的译文.

attributive clause relative clause的意思都是定语从句吗 relative clause是指的是什么从句 有关英语relative clause的问题关於relative clause的问题,我上次看到一句句子,they have one fewer platform upon which to be creative这里面加个upon which是什麽从句?状语还是定语从句还是什麽别的?一般我见的re sentential relative clause double relative clause 和embedded relative clause是什么意思 nominal relative clause是什么从句? relative clause和 passive voice求defining clause/ non-defining clause 句子的构造、用法passtive voice请详细说明,最好有倒子 the grammatical subject of the relative clause the relative clause is.. 用英语举个关于定于从句的例子In spoken English we often keep the preposition after the verb in the relative clause.When we do this,we normally use who (not whom).Once upon a time ,there was a king who had a small kingdom.Where is the pre indicate的用法问题.英语的练习书上关于indicate的要点说.indicate+that-clause 示意...;预示...indicate+wh-clause 表明...;指出...< that-clause > < wh-clause > 这是神马东西,神马意思. 英语adjective clause错题求解释 relative的意思 relative relative so that+clause的例句? clause的中文意思是什么 英语高手进,关于sentence patterns的根据要求造句.1、compound/complex sentence,adjective clause describing subject of the second independent clause2、complex sentence,adverb clause at end of independent clause.3、complex sentence,adject 高中英语语法的英语名称比如说定语从句是attributive clause...越全越好..