求有关二胡/京胡/板胡/马头琴的英文介绍

求有关二胡/京胡/板胡/马头琴的英文介绍
求有关二胡/京胡/板胡/马头琴的英文介绍

求有关二胡/京胡/板胡/马头琴的英文介绍
以下网页有很详细的介绍,包括产生的历史,制作工艺,如何弹奏,代表作等等,去看看吧.这是一个百科全书的网站.
to KaSs:国内真的打不开吗?哦……真扫兴……

国内打不开wikipedia...
The erhu (Chinese: 二胡; pinyin: èrhú), sometimes known in the West as the "Chinese violin" or Chinese two string fiddle, is a two-stringed bowed musical instrument, used as a solo...

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国内打不开wikipedia...
The erhu (Chinese: 二胡; pinyin: èrhú), sometimes known in the West as the "Chinese violin" or Chinese two string fiddle, is a two-stringed bowed musical instrument, used as a solo instrument as well as in small ensembles and large orchestras. It belongs to the huqin (Chinese: 胡琴; pinyin: húqín) family of bowed string Chinese instruments, together with the zhonghu (中胡), gaohu (高胡), banhu (板胡), jinghu (京胡), sihu (四胡), and numerous others.
The erhu can be traced back to instruments introduced into China more than a thousand years ago. It is believed to have evolved from the xiqin (奚琴), which was described as a foreign, two-stringed lute in an encyclopedic work on music by music theorist Chen Yang called Yue Shu (book of music), written during the Northern Song Dynasty. The xiqin is believed to have originated from the Xi people of Central Asia, and have come to China in the 10th century.

A jinghu (京胡; pinyin: jīng hú) is a Chinese bowed string musical instrument used primarily in Beijing opera. It has two strings that were formerly made of silk, but which in modern times are increasingly made of steel. The strings are tuned to the interval of a fifth and the bow hair passes in between the two strings. Unlike other huqin instruments (erhu, gaohu, zhonghu, etc.) it is made of bamboo. Its soundbox is covered on the front (playing) end with snakeskin.
The jinghu is the highest pitched and smallest instrument in the huqin family. In Beijing Opera, the jinghu often doubles the singer's voice. Jinghu performers in Beijing Opera rarely shift into higher positions, and instead choose to compress the melody into a single octave
The jinghu is also used in a band called Girl's National Music Band. The instrument looks like a can with a stick coming out of it with two tuning pegs and a string running down from the other side of the pegs.
The banhu (板胡, pinyin: bǎnhú) is a Chinese traditional bowed string instrument in the huqin family of instruments. It is used primarily in northern China. Ban means a piece of wood and hu is short for huqin.
Like the more familiar erhu and gaohu, the banhu has two strings, is held vertically, and the bow hair passes in between the two strings. The banhu differs in construction from the erhu in that its soundbox is generally made from a coconut shell rather than wood, and instead of a snakeskin that is commonly used to cover the faces of huqin instruments, the banhu uses a thin wooden board.
The banhu is sometimes also called "banghu," because it is often used in bangzi opera of northern China, such as Qinqiang from Shaanxi province.
The yehu, another type of Chinese fiddle with a coconut body and wooden face, is used primarily in southern China.
The morin khuur or morin huur (from the Mongolian: морин хуур) or matouqin (from the Chinese: 马头琴) is a chordophone of Mongolian origin whose name roughly translates as "horse-head fiddle" in English. It is played with a bow and produces a sound which is poetically described as expansive and unrestrained, like a wild horse neighing, or like a breeze in the grasslands. It is the most important musical instrument of the Mongolian people, and is considered a symbol of the Mongolian nation.
The instrument consists of a wooden-framed sound box to which two strings are attached. It is held nearly upright with the sound box in the musician's lap or between the musician's legs. The strings are made from hairs from horses' tails, strung parallel, and run over a wooden bridge on the body up a long neck to the two tuning pegs in the scroll, which is always carved into the form of a horse's head.
The bow is loosely strung with horse hair coated with larch or cedarwood resin, and is held from underneath with the right hand. The underhand grip enables the hand to tighten the loose hair of the bow, allowing very fine control of the instrument's timbre.
The larger of the two strings (the "male" string) has 130 hairs from a stallion's tail, while the "female" string as 105 hairs from a mare's tail. Traditionally, the strings were tuned a fifth apart, though in modern music they are more often tuned a fourth apart. The strings are stopped either by pinching them in the joints of the index and middle fingers, or by pinching them between the nail of the little finger and the pad of the ring finger.
Traditionally, the frame would have been covered with camel, goat, or sheep skin, in which case a small opening would be left in back, but in modern times, an all-wood sound box is more common, in a style similar to European stringed instruments, including the carved f-holes.
Morin khuur vary in form depending on region. The Instruments from central Mongolia tend to have larger bodies and thus possess more volume than the smaller bodied instruments of Inner Mongolia. Morin khuurs (matouqin) built deeper in China also tend to be of poorer quality construction than their northern cousins. In Tuva the morin khuur is sometimes used in place of the igil.
The morin khuur is one of the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity identified by UNESCO.
Among the Chinese, the matouqin is one of several instruments in the huqin ("foreign instrument") family which also includes the erhu.

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