英语翻译Transport.CO2 has been transported in pipes since the 1970s in the U.S.and Canada,where more than 3000 km of operational CO2 pipes exist,transporting 30 Mt CO2 per year.There are no known show-stoppers for pipeline developers,but there ar

英语翻译Transport.CO2 has been transported in pipes since the 1970s in the U.S.and Canada,where more than 3000 km of operational CO2 pipes exist,transporting 30 Mt CO2 per year.There are no known show-stoppers for pipeline developers,but there ar
英语翻译
Transport.CO2 has been transported in pipes since the 1970s in the U.S.and Canada,where more than 3000 km of operational CO2 pipes exist,transporting 30 Mt CO2 per year.There are no known show-stoppers for pipeline developers,but there are many aspects for which more tech-nical detail and safety criteria for populated areas would be helpful.If the CO2 is dry (less than 10 parts per million of water),conventional carbon steel can be used,greatly reducing the cost and also removingtheriskofhydratecrystallization.CO2 feed-in will contain impurities,depending on the plant type and capture system.These impurities could be N2,O2,H2S,and/or SO3.This multicomponent mixture increases the operational pressure needed to avoid dew-point condensation into liquids from 73 bar in pure CO2 to 90 bar in CO2 with impurities.To avoid costs of overcompression,a pipeline purity standard will be needed.If continental-scale transport is envisaged (e.g.,across the EU or U.S.),standards need to beset early.
CO2 can be gathered from multiple power plants(Fig.3),transported through a shared system to the coast,compressed up to 150 bar,and transmitted to offshore nodes.From those,CO2 can be redistributed to individual storage sites(aquifers,oil fields,or gas fields) at the appropriate pressure and rate (18,19).Targets for CCS tonnages
are needed to predict the size of pipe needed.Commercial innovation is required if pipe operators function as the contractual links between operators of CO2 capture (where risks are low and return on investment is also low) and subsurface storage operators (where risks are high,but return on investment is potentially very high).
Diverse commercial solutions have been proposed.Norway will form a state company,but the U.K.expects a commercial pipe operation.

英语翻译Transport.CO2 has been transported in pipes since the 1970s in the U.S.and Canada,where more than 3000 km of operational CO2 pipes exist,transporting 30 Mt CO2 per year.There are no known show-stoppers for pipeline developers,but there ar
有不到之处望见谅,仅供参考!
运输.二氧化碳在管道已运往因为在美国和加拿大,3000多公里管道的运作存在的二氧化碳,每年运送30公吨二氧化碳20世纪70年代.没有知名展会,开发管道塞,但也有许多方面为使更多的高科技,nical细节和居民区安全标准将是有益的.如果二氧化碳干燥（低于10元的水万分之一）,常规可用于碳钢,大大降低了成本,还removingtheriskofhydratecrystallization.CO2饲料中会含有杂质,根据植物种类和采集系统.这些杂质可能是氮气,氧气,硫化氢,和/或三氧化硫.这种多组分混合物需要增加经营压力,避免露点凝结成液体从〜与杂质二氧化碳纯度二氧化碳73〜90酒吧吧.为了避免overcompression成本,管道纯度标准是必要的.如果大陆的运输设想（通过欧盟或美国如）,标准需要及早困扰.
二氧化碳可以收集来自多个电厂（图3）通过共享系统,以沿海压缩到150巴,运输,并传输到境外节点.从这些,二氧化碳可以被重新分配到各个存储点（含水层,油田,天然气田或）在适当的压力和速率（18,19）.CCS的吨位目标
需要预测的管道needed.Commercial创新规模经营是必需的,如果管之间的二氧化碳捕获运营商（其中风险低,投资回报率也很低）和地下储存经营者（其中高风险的合同友情链接功能,但潜在的投资回报率是非常高）.
各种商业解决方案已提出.挪威将形成一个国有公司,但预计英国商业管作业.