英语翻译Oligopoly [15],strictly interpreted,is a situation wherethere are few producers and it is often considered to cover thecondition between the two extremes:one producer(monopoly) or large number of producers (perfectcompetition).This means

英语翻译Oligopoly [15],strictly interpreted,is a situation wherethere are few producers and it is often considered to cover thecondition between the two extremes:one producer(monopoly) or large number of producers (perfectcompetition).This means
英语翻译
Oligopoly [15],strictly interpreted,is a situation where
there are few producers and it is often considered to cover the
condition between the two extremes:one producer
(monopoly) or large number of producers (perfect
competition).This means that 'few' is not explicitly defined,
although it can be said that the number of companies in an
industry is yew' if one company's actions have significant
influence on the profit of other companies.
In perfect competitive markets,the number of producers
is large enough to assure that each firm can safely ignore the
reactions of rivals to its decisions when it makes its own
output choices.This kind of market structure is therefore
composed by price-taking firms [15],because each firm takes
the prices of its output and of its input as given and makes
decisions about the volume of its output and the amount of
inputs it will employ.The price-taking firm is a sufficient
small part of the industry and its own activities could not
possibly have noticeable effects on the price of the industry
output.In this case,the decisions taken by each firm have
such a diffusive effect on the environment in which other
firms operate that the individual firm can safely neglect this
reaction to its behavior in making its own decisions.
On the contrary,when a small number of large firms
dominate a particular industry it would be expected that the
likely response of other firms is a major factor influencing any
price-output decision.The cost side is assumed not to be
affected by the product market structure but it is of the
essence of oligopoly that firms can not know their demand
curves,at least not without making assumptions about the way
in which competitors will react.For these reasons,models of
enterprise decision making in oligopoly derive their special
character from the fact that firms in an oligopolistic industry
are interdependent.Therefore suppliers' decisions are
interdependent as well.Moreover,there are two different
ways in which any firm can interact with the competitors.
Firstly,the oligopolist can be thought of as making
assumptions about the variables to which competitors will
react and about the nature of their reactions.These models are
referred to as non-collusive because,though in equilibrium the
expectations of each firm about the reactions of rivals are
realized,the two sides never communicate with each other
directly about their likely reactions.On the contrary,collusive
models deal with firms agreeing to cooperate in setting price
and cost from the outset.This paper will concern only noncollusive
market model.

英语翻译Oligopoly [15],strictly interpreted,is a situation wherethere are few producers and it is often considered to cover thecondition between the two extremes:one producer(monopoly) or large number of producers (perfectcompetition).This means
所谓寡头垄断,严格而言,就是在只有少数生产商的情况下,出现两种极端形势即：一家生产商（垄断）或众多生产商（完全竞争）.也就是说这里的“少数”并没有明确界定,如果某公司的行为对其他公司的营业利润产生重大影响,还是可以说某行业的公司数是少数.在完全竞争市场下,生产商在做出自己的产出选择时,其数目足够大地足以保证每家公司忽视对手做出针对性的反应而安然无恙.由此这种市场结构是由价格主导公司来构成的,因为每家公司根据制定好的产出和投入来定价,针对自己的产出量和将使用的投入量来制定决策.
定价公司只是行业中足够小的一部分,其独立行为可能不会对该行业产出的价格产生显著影响.既然如此,每家公司的决策对其他公司的运作环境产生分散性的影响以致个体公司在独断专行时可以对对手的反应置若罔闻而安然无恙.相反,当少数几家大公司垄断了某一行业时,那就可以预料其他公司的类似反应才是影响任何产出价的一个主要因素.成本一方可能不会受到产品市场结构的影响但那就是寡头垄断的实质；公司可能不知道他们的需求曲线,但至少不会不对对手的反应方式做任何猜测.鉴于这些原因,寡头垄断领域的企业决策模式的特殊特征是从“寡头垄断行业领域的公司都是相互依存的”这么一个现实中衍生而来.因此,供应商的决策也是相互依存的.而且,任何公司在与对手相互交往时采取两种不同的方式.一,市场垄断者可以让人想起他们针对对手的反应以及那些反应的性质所做出的猜测.这些模式被视为非共谋性的,因为,尽管从均衡角度来说,每家公司对对手所做反应的预料得到实现,但彼此从不就各自的立场直接交流沟通.相反,有共谋性的公司却和那些愿意协商定价的公司合作交易,双方从一开始就担负成本.本文将仅仅关注非共谋性的市场模式.