高中英语重大版必修一所有常用短语

高中英语重大版必修一所有常用短语
高中英语重大版必修一所有常用短语

高中英语重大版必修一所有常用短语
A
* about around round 作副词时都含“四处”、“遍地”的意思.
> about 系常用词, 如:
look about 四处看.
> around 具有 about 的基本意思, 因此 look about=look around, 但在下列短语里 around没有 about正式, 如:
travel around 各处旅行
> round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用 round时更简练.在正式用语中, 一般用 round指“旋转”, 而用 around指“处处”, “到处”, 如:
She turned round at such a noise. 听到这样的吵声, 她回头看.
I have been looking for it all around. 我到处都找过了.
> 另外, 英国人用 round的地方, 美国人倾向于用 around, 如:
[英] Winter comes round.
[美] Winter comes around.
* above all；after all；at all
> above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用.如：
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do．可首先快些告诉我该做什么.
A clock must above all keeps good time．时钟最重要的是必须走得准.
> after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”,在句中位置较灵活.可位于句首、句中或句末.如：
After all,your birthday is only two weeks away．毕竟,两周后就是你的生日.
He is,after all,a small child．他毕竟还是个小孩子.
He failed after all．他终于失败了.
> at all用于否定句时,意为“丝毫；根本”,用于疑问句时意为“究竟；到底”,用于条件句时,常译为“当真；实在”.用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感（如怀疑或惊奇等）,意为“竟然”等.如：
He doesn’t like you at all．他根本不喜欢你.
Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事?
If you do it at all,do it well．若你真要做这件事,就得做好.
I was surprised at his coming at all．他竟然来了,我很惊讶.
* add; add to; add…to; add up to
> add作“加,增加”解时,既可作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词；作“又说,补充说”解时,与直接或间接引语连用.如：
If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water． 如果茶太浓了,再加点开水.
After a short while, he added that he would try his best． 过了一会儿,他又接着说他会尽力.
> add to意为“增添,增加,增进”.如：
The bad weather added to our difficulties． 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难.
> add．．．to意为“把……加到……”,是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中.如：
Add two to seven, and you will get nine．七加二等于九.
> add up to意为“加起来总共是／累计得”,该短语不用于被动语态.如：
All his school education added up to no more than one year． 他的学校教育加起来不过一年.
* affair; thing; matter; business
> affair意为“事情、事件”, 含义较广,泛指已做或待做的事；复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务,如财政管理、外交事务等.
> thing意为“事情、事物”,不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing,一般不能专指事务；复数things还可作“形势”解.
> matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题.
> business作“事务、事情”解时,一般不能用复数,常常指所指派的任务、责任；有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动.
* a great deal; a great deal of
> a great deal用作名词,意为“大量”,“许多”,作主语、宾语；用作副词,意为“很”或“非常”,作状语,修饰动词或用来强调比较级.如：
A great deal has been studied and this is the best way． 经过大量研究后,这（被认为）是最好的办法.
We are a great deal cleverer than before． 我们比以前聪明多了.
> a great deal of意为“大量的”,“非常多的”,相当于much,作定语,后接不可数名词.如：
A great deal of time／money／energy has been spent on the project．
大量的时间／金钱／能源花在那个工程上了.
* agree on；agree to；agree with；agree that
> agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解.例如：
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month．
上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议.
> agree to有两层含义和用法：
* 其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意（答应）做某事”解.
例如： My father agreed to buy a new pen for me． 父亲答应给我买支新钢笔.
* 其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“计划／条件／建议等一类的名词或代词”.例如：
They have a greed to our plan． 他们已同意我们的计划.
> agree with作“同意某人的意见”解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句.例如：
He agreed with my opinions． 他同意了我的意见.
We agreed with what he said at the meeting． 我们同意他在会上讲的话.
> agree that作“认为……”解,其后跟宾语从句.例如：
I agree that your composition is very good． 我认为你的这篇作文写得不错.
* allow；let
二者均可作“允许”解,但各有侧重：
> allow重在“允许”或“容许”,也可表示客气的请求.例如：
He allowed me to take his dictionary．他允许我拿走他的词典.
Will you allow me to use your bike? 我可以用你的自行车吗?
> let作“允许”或“让”解,主要用于口语,一般可与allow互换.作“允许”解时,常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意；作“让”解时,常含“祈使”或“建议”之意.
注意：let之后作宾补的不定式不带to,且不可用于被动语态,而allow则相反.例如：
Please let me walk with you（＝Please allow me to walk with you．）．我（请允许我）跟你一起走.
注：allow常用于allow sb．to do sth．或allow doing sth．结构中.
* although; though; as
三者均可表示“尽管；虽然”,引导让步状语从句.although用法较正式,语气较强；though较常用；as则主要用于倒装句.它们的用法有如下几点值得注意：
> 状语从句由although, though或as引导,主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词.although与though常可互换.例如：
Although／Though he believes it, yet he will not act． 他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动.
> as表示“尽管；虽然”,只能用于倒装句,即：将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前.though也可这么用.例如：
Young as／though he is, he knows a lot． 他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多.
注意：如果表语是单数名词,要省略a.例如：
Child as／though he is, he can speak two foreign languages． 虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语.
> though可以放在句末,表示“但是”,although却不能.例如：
They said they would come; they did not, though． 他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来.
> although只用来陈述“事实”,不能表示“假设”.因此可以说even though“即使”以及as though“好像(＝as if)”,不能说even although或as although.例如：
I believe you are on duty—even though you’re in plain clothes． 尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是在值勤.
* among／between
这两个介词都有“在……之间”的意思.between常用于两者之间；among一般指三者或三者以上之间.若指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时,仍然要用between.
例如：The girl walked between her father and mother．这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间.
She is the tallest among her classmates．她在她同学之间是最高的.
Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany．
瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间.
* argue debate dispute 都含“辩论”的意思.
> argue 着重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”, 如:
I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason.
我和她辩论了好久, 但她还是不听.
> debate 着重“双方各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思, 如:
We have been debating about the issue. 我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论.
> dispute 指“激烈争辩”, 含有“相持不下”或“未得解决”之意,如:
Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed. 他是否当选为主席, 仍然有争论.
* argue；quarrel；discuss
这三个动词均有“争”的意思,但“争”法不同.
> argue着重就自己的看法或观点,提出论证,同他人“争论”或“辩论”.例如：
We heard them arguing in the other room．我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论.
另外,argue同with搭配,其后接人；与about连用,其后接事物.例如：
We argued with them about this problem for a long time．这个问题我们同他们辩论了很长时间.
> quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”.同with搭配,其后接某人；和about连用,其后接某事.例如：
He often quarrels about their housework with his wife．他常为家务事同妻子争吵.
> discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”.例如：
We'll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow．明天我们将讨论冠词的用法.
* as (so) far as; as (so) long as
> as（so）far as的意思是“就……而言（所知）”,as (so) far as sth．is concerned是其中一种具体用法,意为“就某事而言”；as (so) long as意为“只要”,引导条件状语从句.如：
As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs．
就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作.
There is nothing that we can’t do so ／ as long as we keep on trying to do it．
只要我们不断地努力去做,就没有什么事干不成.
As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go．
就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多.
* asleep／sleeping
二者都是形容词.asleep仅用作表语,不能作定语,表示“睡着,熟睡”的意思；而sleeping一般只能用作定语,放在名词前,表示“睡眠中的,休止的”意思.
如：我们不能说：an asleep baby,但可以说：a sleeping baby（一个熟睡的婴儿）.
再如：He was asleep with his head on his arms．他头枕着手臂在熟睡.
asleeping dog正在熟睡的狗 sleeping car卧车 sleeping bag睡袋
* assert,affirm,maintain
> assert宣称、断言,常指某人主观自信,坚持己见,有时不顾客观事实而断言下结论.
> affirm指以事实为依据,深信不疑地肯定某种观点或看法.
> maintain指在相反的证据或论点面前,重申原来的某种观点、立场.
A．Despite all the policeman’s questions the suspect ＿＿＿ that he had been at home all evening．
B．It is nonsense to ＿＿＿ that smoking does not damage people’s health．
C．Throughout his prison sentence Dunn has always ＿＿＿ his innocence．
Answers：A.affirmed? B.assert? C.maintained
* as though；even though；though
> as though（＝as if）,意为“好像；似乎”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句.如：
He spoke as though（as if）he had been here before．他说话的口气好像他以前来过这里.
It looks as if（as though）it is going to rain．看起来好像要下雨.
> even though（＝even if）,意为“即使”,引导让步状语从句.though也引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”；even though有退一步设想的意味,与though不同.though引导的句子所说的是事实,even though引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实.例如：
He will not tell the secret even though（even if）he knows it．即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来.
He will not tell the secret though he knows it．他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来.
* at the beginning；in the beginning
> at the beginning 在……初；在……开始的时候.常与of连用.例如：
Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term． 学生们在开学初制定学习计划.
> in the beginning 相当于at first,表示“起初、开始”时,含“起初是这种情况,而后来却不是这种情况”之意,不与of连用.例如：
In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics． 起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣.
* attack assail assault charge beset
> 都含有"攻击"的意思.
> attack 是常用词, 指"攻击敌人"或"用言论攻击他人", 如:
Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941. 德国在1941年开始进攻苏联.
> assail 指"猛烈连续地攻击", 如:
The enemy plane assailed our defence position. 敌机不断猛烈地攻击我们的阵地.
> assault 语气比 assail强, 指"突然猛烈地进攻", 暗示"武力的直接接触" (如肉搏等), 也有"暴力"的意思, 如：The enemy assaulted us at dawn. 敌人在黎明时向我进攻.
> charge 指"冲击"或"骑兵的突然攻击", 如:
The cavalry charged to the front. 骑兵猛烈向前线冲击.
> beset 指"围攻", 即从各个方向攻击, 如：
In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes. 在沼泽地里, 我们受到蚊子的围攻.
* at the age of／by the age of
> at the age of表示“在……岁时”,后面接基数词,强调某一时刻的情况或动作,用于一般过去时,作时间状语.例如：
At the age of six,he began to learn English．他六岁的时候开始学英语.
She learned to play the piano at the age often．她十岁的时候学弹钢琴.
> by the age of表示“到……岁的时候”、“在……岁以前”,后面接基数词,强调到某一时刻为止的结果,用于过去完成时或将来完成时,作时间状语.例如：
By the age of sixteen,he had learned to drive a car．到十六岁的时候,他已经学会了开小汽车.
You will have learned more than 2000 English words by the age of fourteen．
到你十四岁的时候,你将学会2000多个英语单词.
* at the time; at that time; at one time; at a time
> at the time通常用于过去时句子中,指某件事情发生的“当时”、“那时”.例如：
Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time． 当时,许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生.
> 有时,at the time的后面可接“of．．．”短语.这时,它表示“在（某事态）发生的时候”或“在……的时代”.例如：
Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989?
1989年旧金山发生地震时,你在那里吗?
It happened at the time of King Alfred． 事情发生在阿尔弗雷德国王时期.
> at that time 则通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候.通常其后不带“of．．．”短语.例如：
In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and Sichuan．At that time
(＝At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded．
> at one time＝during a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期”,“曾经”.例如：
They used to be good friends at one time． 他们曾经是好朋友.
> at a time则意为“一次”,表示一个时间单位.它常与表示数量的词语连用,表示频率.例如：
Don’t speak all at once．One at a time, please． 不要同时一起说.一次只一个人说.
Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time． 这些药每天服三次,每次服三粒.
* at ．．． speed ／ with ．．． speed
> at the speed of或者at ．．． speed,意为“以……的速度”.而当speed被all, lightning, great等修饰时,介词应用with.我们可用一句口诀来帮助记忆：都（all）以闪电般（lightning）大（great）的速度行驶.如：
Our car was running with all speed on the expressway． 我们的车在高速公路上全速行驶.
The Long March No．2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space at the speed of 11．2 kilometers per second． 长征二号火箭以每秒钟11．2公里的速度将卫星发射到太空.