英语翻译Copyright protectionA copyright is a governmental grant,an acknowledgement that original writings are owned by the author.A copyright is the legal recognition of the special “property rights” in an author’s work.Copyright protection

英语翻译Copyright protectionA copyright is a governmental grant,an acknowledgement that original writings are owned by the author.A copyright is the legal recognition of the special “property rights” in an author’s work.Copyright protection
英语翻译
Copyright protection
A copyright is a governmental grant,an acknowledgement that original writings are owned by the author.A copyright is the legal recognition of the special “property rights” in an author’s work.
Copyright protection is available for almost all writings——books,short stories,magazine articles,newspaper columns,poetry,plays,screenplays,and songs.Both fictional and nonfictional works are covered,and copyright protection is even available for such writings as an index,a master’s thesis,a map,even an original directory,such as the phone book,or a name and address guide to vegetarian restaurants.
A copyright protects the specific way that you develop,detail and express your idea in writing.That is,if you have an idea for an article about nuclear-powered musical instruments of the future,you can’t obtain protection for your concept.Anyone can use your idea,and write,copyright and publish his or her own article about nuclear-powered musical instruments of the future.
However,if somebody else wants to write an article dealing with the same subject or idea of your copyrighted article,that second somebody had better not lift sentences or paragraphs from your article,and had better not even paraphrase your article,or parts of it,because that would be copyright infringement.
“Words and short phrases” are not protected by copyright.A catchy slogan,a clever word——if you are using these in business as a brand new name for a product,or as the name of your musical group or other business,protection for the single word or short slogan may be available under the trademark laws,but not the copyright laws.
What else is not protected?Lists of ingredients are not,hence,the major part of most recipes.Dose this mean that you have no protection if you write a cooking article or cookbook?No,because your article or book as a whole presumably contains more text than a string of ingredients,affording you a basis for copyright protection.
The same principle applies to chemical formulae,and to math problems.Copyright law won’t allow these to be removed from the “public domain,” so an individual equation,such as E=mc2,even if developed today under the new copyright act,would not be protected under the copyright laws.However,your math book or chemistry text would contain far more than a string of formulae or equations,and would,as a whole,be protected.

英语翻译Copyright protectionA copyright is a governmental grant,an acknowledgement that original writings are owned by the author.A copyright is the legal recognition of the special “property rights” in an author’s work.Copyright protection
在普通物理学中,质量的概念是这样定义的：描写物质属性的物理量,物体具有产生引力作用和感受引力作用的属性.牛顿在17世纪发现的万有引力定律就是反映这一属性的规律.万有引力定律的表示式 中的m1和m2,就是相互作用的两个物体分别具有产生引力作用并能感受引力作用大小的量度,叫做引力质量.通常用天平、其它各种秤称量出来的物体的质量,实际上就是根据万有引力定律求出的该物体的引力质量.物体具有保持原有运动状态的属性——惯性.牛顿第二运动定律的表示式F=ma中的m,就是量度物体平动惯性大小的,叫惯性质量.
　　引力质量和惯性质量,是物体所具有的两种不同属性的量度.从万有引力定律和牛顿第二定律可以证明物体的引力质量和惯性质量成正比关系.如果把引力质量和惯性质量各选适当的单位,且把自由落体的加速度g定义为g=G..M地/R2,式中R为地球的半径,则物体的惯性质量在数值上等于该物体的引力质量.正是这个原因,我们便可以对这两种质量不加区分,而统称为质量.
　　在牛顿力学中,物体的质量是一个恒定的不变量.在相对论力学中,质量并不是常数,而是与运动有关的,物体的质量与速度的关系式为m=m0/(1-v2/c2)1/2,式中m就是物体的运动质量,m0是物体静止时的质量,叫做静止质量,v为物体运动的速度,c为光速.物体质量的相对论改变,说明物体的惯性或产生和感受引力的属性发生了改变.由于任何物体都在运动,运动是物质存在的形式,所以,物体的属性与运动相关,这是很自然的事情.在低速运动的情况下,只是物体的这种属性改变极为微小,从而才认为物体的质量是恒定不变的.
　　能量的概念是这样定义的：能量简称能,物质各种形式的运动的普遍量度.一切物质都在运动,运动的形式各种各样,有机械运动、分子运动、电磁运动、原子运动等等.不同的运动形式是可以相互转化的,例如,水力发电过程中,是将机械运动转化为电磁运动；工作着的电动机,是将电磁运动转化为机械运动.在运动形式的转化过程中,有一个表征运动的物理量是守恒不变的,这就是能量.能量是描写物体状态的物理量,是研究对象状态的单值函数.无论什么形式的能量,其变化有两种量度：功和热量.能量不会创生,也不会消灭,只能从一个物体传给另一个物体,或从一种形态转化为另一种形态,这就是通常所说的能量守恒和转化的内容.