求八种时态的用法如题

求八种时态的用法如题
求八种时态的用法
如题

求八种时态的用法如题
八种时态的具体用法： 一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征. ① 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等).如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) ② 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语.如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) ③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间.如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车) ④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间.如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) ⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主.如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了). ⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中.Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it. ⑦ 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿) 一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常 发生. ① 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句.如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话) ② 表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等).如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市) ③ 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等.如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him. ④ 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语.如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西) 一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态. ①一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等. ② 用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关.“shall”用于第一人称,“will” 用于所有人称.如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了) ③ “am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作.如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了) ④ 表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达.如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头) ⑤ 现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来.(见相应时态) ⑥ shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词.Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用.如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗?)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗?) ⑦ “be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情.如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy. (4)现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作. ① 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成. ② 现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this …, these…等,但经常不用.如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么?)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) ③ 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情.常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等.如：I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么?)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) ④ 表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩.如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净) (5)过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作. ① 过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成. ② 过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句.如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具) ③ 用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长.句子中通常不用时间状语.如：She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌) ④ 也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩.如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱) (6)现在完成时 现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作. ①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成. ②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等.如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国) ③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句.如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作) ④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思.如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书) ⑤have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里.如：--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里?他去了英国.)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗?是的,我去过那里三次.) ⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词.具体变化见下表： 瞬间性动词的完成时 → 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时 have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years) has come to… has been here since (1990) (had) left… (had) been away from… arrived… been in… died been dead begun been on ended been over bought... had… borrowed… kept… joined… been in … 或者使用下面这个句型：It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 [注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用.如：How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久?)(句子中keep取代了borrow) (7) 过去完成时 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作.简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”. ①过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成. ②过去完成时时间状语有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句.有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语.如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了) ③过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中.如：After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠) (8) 过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态. ①过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成.在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”. ②过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day). ③在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时.如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书) ④表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形).如：She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步) ⑤过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作.如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞) (9)现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时指一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并由可能继续下去的动作,它具有现在完成时和现在进行时双重特征,结构是：“have/has + been +动词的现在分词”.如：I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已经在冰冷的水里游了将近两个小时)/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在这里一直等了多久?)

一、一般现在时的用法
1．表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作。常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等连用。
He plays football twice a week. I sometimes go to work on foot.
2．表示现在的事实或状态。
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一、一般现在时的用法
1．表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作。常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等连用。
He plays football twice a week. I sometimes go to work on foot.
2．表示现在的事实或状态。
It’s cold today. You look tired now.
3．表示主语所具有的特征，性格和能力等。
She is a famous singer. Tom likes swimming.
4．表示客观事实或普遍真理。
It’s far from the earth to the sun. Five and three makes eight.
5．表示已预先安排或计划好将来确定会发生的动作。但主要用于go, come, leave, start, return, arrive等瞬间动词。
The train from London arrives at 7:00. He leaves on business the day after tomorrow.
6．在时间及条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
I’ll call you as soon as I get there. I’ll come if he invites me.
7．在以here, there开头的句子里，表示正在发生的动作。
Here comes the bus! There goes the bell!铃响了！
当主语是代词时，代词必须放在动词之前。如： There he comes!他来了！
8．某些表示心理状态和感觉的动词，如feel, love, hope, want, understand等表示现在发生的具体行为。
I feel pain in my head. I don’t understand what you mean. 此时只用一般现在时而不用现在进行时。
二、一般过去时的用法
1．表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去时间的副词如：yesterday, last week, two hours ago等连用。
My family moved here five years ago. I was born in 1973.。
2．表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作。这时可与频度副词如：often, usually, always等连用。
He always worked into night those days. I often left on business in 1987.1987
表示“过去经常，而今不再”时，要用used to（意指现在已不是这样）
如：I used to read newspaper after breakfast. The children often swam in this river.
3．表示过去发生的一连串动作。
He put down the heavy box, took out the keys, and opened the door.
过去发生的一连串动作，若用and, or, but等并列连词连接，则一律用过去式。
They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper.
4．在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。
He said that he would let me know as soon as he got the information.
Mary told me that she would stay at home if it rained.
三、 一般将来时的用法
（1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon等连用。
I will go to the zoo next Sunday. She’ll go to the cinema tonight.
（2）表示将来经常发生的动作 Some birds will fly away to the south when winter comes.
（3）“be going to+动词原形”可以表示：
I）根据目前迹象某件事情很有可能发生。 Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain.
II）打算、计划、决定要做某事 We’re going to meet outside the school gate.
will与be going to都可表示将来，通常可互换，但下面几种情形只用will而不用be going to。
（1）表示“带有意愿色彩的将来”时
I’ll help you if you need.
（2）问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时
Will you go shopping with me? Will you please open the door?
（3）表示客观必然会发生的事情 It will be Monday tomorrow.
（4）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的复合句中，主句如果是将来时，则多用will。
I’ll take care of your baby when you are out. I’ll open the window if you smoke here.
四、过去将来时的用法
过去将来时的用法与一般将来时的用法相同（参见一般将来时）
过去将来时表示过去习惯性的动作时，只能用would，而不用should。如：
I would swim in this pool when I was a child. This window wouldn’t close.
五、 现在进行时的用法
（1）表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。常与now, at present, at this, moment等连用。
It is snowing now. He is watching TV at present
（2）与these days, this week/month等连用，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
He is studying hard these days. He is writing a book.
在“Look!, Listen!”等感叹句后，通常用现在进行时。如：
Look! The bus is coming.
比较：Look! There comes the bus.（以Here, There为首的句子以一般现在时表示正在进行的动作。）
（3）与表示将来的时间状语连用，表示最近计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，主要用于go, come, arrive, leave start, return等瞬间动词。即用现在进行时表示将来。
He is leaving for Nanjing tonight. The meeting is beginning at three this afternoon.
（4）与always, continually, forever等词连用，表示反复出现的动作，代替一般现在时，表达说话人强烈的感情。如赞扬、不满、讨厌等。如：
He is always asking such silly questions. He is continually making mistakes.。
没有进行时的动词
1． 表示“存在、位置”的动词。如：be（是），lie（位于），stand（位于）
She is a doctor. The mountain lies in the middle of the country. The tower stands beside the river.
lie, stand分别作“躺、站”解时，可用于现在进行时。如：
The cat is lying under the table. He is standing against the door.
2． 表示“所有”的动词。如：have（有），own（拥有）
I have a new car. He owns a lot of houses.
当have作“吃、举行”讲时，可用于现在进行时。如：
She is having lunch now. They are having a sports meeting.
3． 表示感觉的动词。如：see（看到），hear（听到），smell（闻到），feel（摸起来），taste（尝起来），find（发现）等。
I see a snake lying in the grass.
4． 表示心理活动和情感的动词，如：know（知道），understand（理解），think（作为），like（喜欢），love（爱），hate（恨），hope（希望），want（想要）等
I think they are right. I like music.
think作“想，考虑”解时，可用于进行时态。如：
I’m thinking about it now. Do you know what he is thinking about?
六、 过去进行时的用法
过去进行时的用法与现在进行时用法相同，只不过参照的时间基准点不同。
（1）过去进行表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。一般和特定的时间状语或状语从句连用。如：then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等。
I was playing volley-ball this time last Sunday. Li Fang was watching TV when her father came back.
（2）过去进行时表示过去某段时间是持续进行的动作。
They were making ships last month.
（3）go, come, leave等瞬间动词的过去进行时表示过去某一时间安排或计划好的即将发生的动作。
The plane was arriving at eight.飞
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
过去进行时表示过去某一动作正在进行，强调“动作的连续性”，而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作，强调“有过这件事”。
I was playing chess last night. I played chess last night.
My father worked last Sunday. My father was working last Sunday.
七、 现在完成时的用法
（1）表示动作已经完成，但后果或影响仍在。常与already, just, yet等副词连用。
I have just read your letter. He has already come back.
(2）表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。常与for或since引导的一段时间状语连用。
He has lived here for three years. I have been here since 1976.
①．for后通常跟一个时间段，而since后只能跟一个具体的时间点。
如：for two weeks持续两周时间；since Monday自从周一。
②．现在完成时的肯定句，其谓语动词如果是瞬间动词，如come, go, begin, join等，则不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：他到此两周了：He has arrived here for two weeks.（×）
此时需转换表达方式： ①用ago代替for，并改为一般过去时②用延续性动词代替瞬间动词③用It is/It has been…since…句型，如：
He arrived here two weeks ago.
He has been here for two weeks.
It is/It has been two weeks since he arrived here.
当瞬间动词用于否定句时，则可以与时间段连用。如：
I haven’t gone there for six years.
（3）表示过去发生过一次或多次的动作已成为某种经验。
I have been to Paris twice. It’s one of the most interesting films I’ve ever seen.
比较have been to与have gone to
have been to表示“去过某地”，现在已回来了，可以与ever ,since等词连用。如： I have ever been to London.
have gone to表示“去某地了”现在尚未回来，不能与ever, since等词连用。 He has gone to London.
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
二者都表示“动作已经发生”，区别在于：
（1）现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。
He has learned French for three years.他学法语已三年了。
He learned French for three years.他曾学过三年法语。
Who has taken my bag? I couldn't find it. 谁拿走了我的包？我找不着了！
He cleaned the house yesterday. 他昨天打扫过房间。
The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already. 房间很干净，因为他已经打扫过了。
（2）现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用，而一般过去时则可以。
He has done some washing yesterday. （F）
He did some washing yesterday. （T）
他昨天洗衣服了。
八、 过去完成时的用法
与现在完成时的用法相同，只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同，现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。
（1） 表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，常by, before引导的时间状语连用。如：
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.
He had measured me before I could get in a word.我还没说话，他已把衣服量完了。
We had scarcely reached the school before it began to rain. 我们刚到学校天就下雨了。
（2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的时间状语相连用。
She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.
He said he had taught in the university since 1957.
（3）叙述过去发生的事情后，反过来又追叙或补述更早以前发生的动作时，常用过去完成时。
I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month.
Some people ran into the street. They had heard a loud noise.
九、时态的一致
在一些从句（主要是宾语从句）中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句中谓语动词时态的影响，这叫做时态的一致。
时态的一致通常分以下一些情况下考虑：
1．当主句中的谓语动词是现在时态或将来时态，在这种情况下，从句的谓语动词可以用任何所需时态。如：
I know that Mr. Brown is a good teacher.
She believes that he was once a solider.
He will tell us what he is going to do.
2．当主句中的谓语动词是过去的某种时态，在这种情况下，从句的谓语动词可以分为下面三种情况：
（1）如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句则需要用一般过去时或过去进行时。如：
He was wondering where he could put the box.
The students were talking while the teacher was writing on the blackboard.
（2）如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之前，从句则要用过去完成时。如：
He said his father had been dead for twenty years. 他说他父亲已经去世二十年了。
（3）如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主语的谓语动作之后，从句则要用过去将来时。如：
She said she would finish the work tonight.
We knew that it was going to snow.
3．当从句所说明的为一般真理或客观事实时，无论主句为何时态，从句不受影响，仍用现在时态。
The boy was told that the moon travels around the earth.
Everybody knows that sixty minutes make an hour.

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1.一般现在时: 主语+do/does(现在分词)
2.一般过去时: 主语+did
3.现在进行时: 主语+am/is/are doing
4.过去进行时: was/were doing
e.g 5.现在完成时: have/has done
6.过去完成时: had done
7.一般将来时: will do/
8.过去将来时: was/were to /would do

英语的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时
下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述，其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而...

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英语的时态（tense）是一种动词形式，不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时
下面就英语中常见的八种基本时态进行阐述，其它的时态都是在这八种时态的基础上结合而成的。
一、 一般现在时：
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
6.例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words.
二、 一般过去时：
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时：
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
6.例句： How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时：
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时：
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句：have或has。
6.例句：I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 过去完成时：
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
七、 一般将来时：
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时：
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
九.将来完成时：
1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）
3.基本结构：be going to/will/shall + have done
十.现在完成进行时:
1.概念：在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直持续到说话为止
2.基本结构：have/has +been+doing