你知道英语五种语调的大致含义吗?if you know ,i ll proud of you.
来源:学生作业帮助网 编辑:六六作业网 时间:2024/12/22 19:26:57
你知道英语五种语调的大致含义吗?if you know ,i ll proud of you.
你知道英语五种语调的大致含义吗?
if you know ,i ll proud of you.
你知道英语五种语调的大致含义吗?if you know ,i ll proud of you.
If you know, I'll be proud of you.
楼猪.你句子主谓宾都那么混淆,还口语啊...
语调(intonation),即说话的腔调,就是一句话里声调(pitch)高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化.世界上没有一种语言是用单一的声调说出的,以英语为例,英语有五种基本语调:升调(↗)、的降调(↙)、的升降调(∧)、的降升调(∨)以及平调(→).一句话除了词汇意义(lexical meaning)还有语调意义(intonation meaning).所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义,而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气.一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义.同样的句子,语调不同,意思就会不同,有时甚至会相差千里.请看下例:
1)A:Jean,can you bring me the newspaper?
B:Sorry?(↗)
Jean用升调说“Sorry”,其意思是“I didn't hear you.Could you say that again,please?”
我们再看下句:
2)A:Jean,can you bring me the newspaper?
B:Sorry.(↙)
在对话2)中,Jean用降调说“Sorry”,显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力.
美国著名语言学家Kenneth L.Pike认为:
?一个音节的绝对调高是不重要的,而一个音节与另外一个的相对高度才是非常重要的.
英语有四级能区别意义的调高:
1)特高调(extra high),即比正常的声调高两级,常在感情特别激动或惊讶时使用.
2)高调(high),即比正常的声调高一级,一般用于语句中关键性的重读词.
3)中调(mid),即说话人声音的正常高度.
4)低调(low),即比正常的声调低一级,
一般是降调的最低点.
?应该按照说话人的态度来分语调模式,而不能按照句子的语法结构来分.没有所谓“疑问句的语调”或“陈述句的语调”.因为疑问句和陈述句都可以用各种语调模式来说.
因此,对于我们中国的英语学习者来说,通过了解某种调型所表示的某种态度或口气也就颇为重要.事实上,无论是在现实生活中还是在考试中,我们的学生常会因为对这些知识缺乏了解而无法确定说话人的态度、的感情、的口吻和意图等.然而这又是一个比较复杂的问题.本文将通过具体的例子从两方面来说明这个问题:
I.一句话中绝对调高及音调的相对高度所包含的意义
众所周知,人们在兴奋、的惊讶或感情激动时说话的语调就高,而在相反的情况下,语调则低.因此,在同一个场合中,如果一个人的语调明显高于另一个,或明显低于另一个,以此就可以推断出该说话人的意思及态度.
这里我们要着重谈谈一句话中语调的相对高度的不同所包含的意义.一句话中的语调波峰一般都是句重音所在.通过一句话中的语调波峰所在,我们就可以了解说话人的意思.如人们读“I live in the city.”这句话时,由于强调的对象不同,语调也就随之发生了变化.现不妨比较如下:
I(↗)live in the city.(隐含着在场的其他人不住在城里的意思)
I live(↗)in the city.(表示“我”只是“住在”城里,其隐含的意思是“我不在城里工作”或其他意思)
I live in(↗)the city.(表示“我住在城里边”,其隐含的意思是“我不住在城外”)
因此,对下面的对话所提问的问题进行选择时,就不难回答了.
3)M:Linda looked very tired these days.
W:She looked OK to me(↗).
Q:What does the woman think of Linda?(D)
〔A〕She saw Linda and me.
〔B〕Linda said she was fine.
〔C〕She looked up the word for me.
〔D〕She considered Linda was all right.
这句话里的句重音碰巧落在句子的最后一个单词“me”上.因为女士用升调重读“me”,这表示了女士有意与男士的看法形成对比,意思是:在你的眼里,她显得疲惫,可在我看来,她没什么问题.这表示了她那种无所谓的态度.
II.某些句型由于句尾语调的改变而引起意义改变的现象
1.使用疑问词who,which,what, how,when,where,why的特殊疑问句可以用降调也可以用升调,但含义是不同的.如:
4)A:Mr.Smith thinks we ought to get the money in hand first.
B:Who?(↗)
A:Mr.Smith.
B用升调说“Who”,表示听不清对方谈话中的某一部分,要求对方再重复那一部分.
5)A:We'd like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.
B:Who?(↙)
A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.
B用降调说“Who”,其意思是问,对方想让谁在开场时致欢迎词.
2.附加疑问句可以读升调也可以读降调,意思是不相同的.降调表示发问者相信陈述句的内容,只等对方证实.升调表示发问者对陈述句内容的真实性没有把握,希望对方作出自己的判断.如:
6)A:You willfinish the work,won't you?(↙)
B:Yes,I will.
A用降调提问,意思是:I know you will finish the work,but I want you to confirm it.
7)A:You willfinish the work,won'tyou?(↗)
B:Yes,I will.(或No,I won't.)
A用升调提问,表示A心中没有把握,因此,得到的回答既可能是肯定的,也可能是否定的.因此,如果听到下面的对话并就所提问题进行选择时,哪个选项正确也就不言而喻了.
8)W:Mary says she likes playing tennis.
M:But she doesn't play tennis often,does she?(↙)
Q:Whatdoesthe man imply about Mary?(B)
〔A〕She plays a lot of other sports.
〔B〕She doesn't really like tennis.
〔C〕She only likes watching tennis.
〔D〕She has a lot of things to do.
3.语调可以反应谈话人的互动性.如:
9)A:Are you Mr.Blake?
B:Yes.(↙)
A:Room twenty-six.
在这个例子中,B用降调说“Yes”,表示B的认可,这是一个封闭式的回答,这表明如果A没有新的问题要问或新的信息要告知,也许他们的对话就可以结束了.
10)A:Are you Mr.Blake?
B:Yes?(↗)
A:Ah,the secretary would like a word with you.
在这个例子中,B用升调回答“Yes”,表示这是一个开放式的回答,相当于:“Yes. But why do you ask?”或是“Yes.But who want to know?”之意.这也就是说,B在回答A的问题的同时又向A提出了一个新问题,并要求A予以回答.
掌握了这一点之后,对于下面的对话所提问的问题,就不难回答了.
11)M:How long shall we stay at the Grand Canyon?
W:A day?(↗)
Q:What does the woman mean?(B)
〔A〕We shall stay at the Grand Canyon for one day.
〔B〕Shall we stay at the Grand Canyon for one day?
〔C〕To stay at the Grand Canyon for one day is too short.
〔D〕To stay at the Grand Canyon for one day is enough.
4.陈述句式一般读降调,用以陈述事实.若读升调,往往表示对所说事情的怀疑.如:
She lent him her car.(↙)(用以陈述事
实)
She lent him her car?(↗)(表示惊奇、的怀疑,含有“Did she really lend her car to him ?”之意.)
再请看下面的试题:
12)M:I started driving at 8:00yesterday and arrived here at 5:30 this morning.
W:You drove all night?(↗)
Q:What does the woman mean?
〔A〕Night driving can be dangerous.
〔B〕You shouldn't have driven during the night.
〔C〕Why don't you drive all night?
〔D〕Did you really drive all night?
答案为D.
5.有些一般疑问句的句式读作降调,实际上表示感叹.如:Hasn't she grown!(↙)这句话实则表示:她长得多快!
请看下面的试题:
13)M:Wasn't Sam's speech great!(↙)
W:Are you serious?
Q:What does the man say about Sam's speech?
〔A〕Sam's speech wasn't great,was it?
〔B〕Sam's speech was great,wasn't it?
〔C〕Sam gave a serious speech.
〔D〕Sam was not serious.
答案为B.
这里顺便说一下,问句不表示疑问的另一种情况:当一方提出一个问题,而另一方用问句作为回答时,这个问句有时是不需要回答的,而实际上相当于陈述句,但别有意味.如:
14)A:Are you going to watch TV again?
B:What else is there to do?(↗)
B反问A一个问题“What else is there to do?”,意思是:(除了看电视)还有什么好干的呢?
因此,对下面的问题就不难回答了.
15)M:Do you think Petty is qualified to do the job?
W:If Petty is not,who is?(↗)
Q:What does the woman mean?(C)
〔A〕Petty is not qualified for the job.
〔B〕Nobody is qualified for the job.
〔C〕Petty is well qualified for the job.
〔D〕Allexcept Petty are qualified for the job.
有些一般疑问句句式也不需要回答,其功能也相当于陈述句,但肯定结构表否定,否定结构表肯定,而且传递了说话人浓烈的情绪.如:
16)W:Haven't you got anything better to do?(↗)
M:Ok,Mum ,I'll turn off the TV and begin to do my homework.
显然,妈妈的意思是责备儿子不应该看电视,而应该做比看电视更有益的事——也就是说,妈妈认为儿子有更好的事可做.而对话中,儿子当然也明白妈妈的意思,因此说要关掉电视,开始做功课.再如:
17)M:I've observed you for ten minutes.What have you been doing?
W:Are you blind?(↗)
Q:What can be inferred about the woman's attitude toward the man?(B)
〔A〕Polite.
〔B〕Unfriendly.
〔C〕Indifferent.
〔D〕Cautious.
女士用肯定结构的一般疑问句说“Are you blind?”,意思是说“你不是瞎子,难道看不见吗?”故而可知,女士不太友善.
总而言之,只要英语学习者内心树立了对语调的重视意识,培养起敏感的感知能力和反应能力,经过多年的英语学习和积累,再加上我们从母语中获得的语调知识,我们肯定能成功应付语调的问题.而在听力考试中,除了我们能听得到的说话人的语音特征,如语速、的绝对调高、的语调范围及语调之外,辅之以词汇意义、的上下文线索、的四个选项所圈定的范围等,选出正确的选项应该不是一个困难的问题.
sorry,i donot know