特殊的名词单数变复数

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特殊的名词单数变复数特殊的名词单数变复数特殊的名词单数变复数名词变复数规则变化1.一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”,如map→maps,bag→bags等;2.以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加“es

特殊的名词单数变复数
特殊的名词单数变复数

特殊的名词单数变复数
名词变复数规则变化
1.一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”,如map→maps,bag→bags等;
2.以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加“es”,如bus→buses,watch→watches等;
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i加es,如baby→babies等;以元音字母+ y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数,如monkey→monkeys,holiday→holidays,storey→storeys(楼层);
4.以o 结尾的名词变复数时:
a)加s的名词有:photo→photos ,piano→pianos,radio→radios,zoo→zoos
b)加es的名词有:
potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes
5.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时:
a)加s的名词有:
belief→beliefs roof→roofs
safe→safes gulf→gulfs
b)去掉f,fe 加ves的名词有:
half→halves knife→knives
leaf→leaves wolf→wolves
wife→wives life→lives thief→thieves
一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s.
读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z].
例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces
二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数.
读音变化:统一加读[iz].
例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes box →boxes; watch →watches; actress →actresses; class →classes; coach(长途车) →coaches; dress →dresses; sandwich →sandwiches; toothbrush →toothbrushes; waitress(女侍者) →waitresses
三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es.
读音变化:加读[z].
例:candy→candies; daisy(雏菊)→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories
strawberry →strawberries; baby →babies; puppy →puppies; library →libraries; dictionary →dictionaries; cherry →cherries; activity →activities
四、以-o结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s构成复数.(有生命的加es,无生命的加s)
读音变化:加读[z].
例:tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo(鱼雷)→torpedoes; bingo(彩票式游戏)→bingoes
反例:silo(青贮塔)→silos; piano→pianos(外来词); photo→photos; macro(宏指令,计机算语言)→macros(缩写词)
五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外.
读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz].
例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff(员工)→staves; scarf(围巾)→scarves
目前搜集的直接加s:roof-roofs,belief-beliefs,gulf(海湾)-gulfs,serf(农奴)-serfs,safe-safes,chief(负责人)-chiefs
这几个可变可不变:scarf-scarfs,handkerchief- handkerchiefs
六、以-us结尾的名词(多为外来词),通常将-us改变为-i构成复数.
读音变化:尾音[Es]改读[ai],其中[kEs]要改读为[sai],[gEs]要改读为[dVai].
例:fungus(真菌)→fungi; abacus(算盘)→abaci; focus(焦点)→foci; cactus(仙人掌)→cacti; cestus(拳击用的牛皮手套)→cesti
七、以-is结尾的名词,通常将-is改变为-es.
读音变化:尾音[is]改读[i:z].
例:axis(轴线)→axes; basis→bases; naris(鼻孔)→nares; hypothesis(假设)→hypotheses; restis(索状体)→restes
名词复数的不规则变化
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women.
如:an Englishman,two Englishmen.但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans.
2)单复同形 如:
deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式.如:
a dollar,two dollars; a meter,two meters
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数.
如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说
a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用.
如:The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的.
4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a.maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数.
b.news 是不可数名词.
c.the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数.
The United Nations was organized in 1945.联合国是1945年组建起来的.
d.以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数.
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
是一本非常有趣的故事书.
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers,clothes
若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼